Performance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned free essay sample

Professional athletes are role models for many young children adolescents. If for example a young child hears about an athlete using drugs, he might think that using drugs is all right for him as well. Similarly, if the athlete is not severely punished then the child will think he can get off easy too. However if a child sees that the sport wants to remediate any and all situations involving professional athletes taking drugs, he will be helped to understand that taking drugs is socially unacceptable. If all our sports stars start to use drugs then what type of example would this set or outh? High schools would start to use drugs if everyone started using drugs as our 2nd speaker said where would all the talent and skill go? Already many young adults are introduced to drugs such as steroids by their youth. An adolescent child may use these drugs to enhance this performance in a sport. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most young adults have heard of steroids, know someone using steroids or have used steroids themselves by the time they start doing high school sport. And even if PED were only legalized for adults, the definition for this varies from country to country, e. n France you are considered an adult by the time you are 13-15 and NZ its when your 18-20. Teenage athletes train alongside adult athletes and share the same coaches, so many would succumb to the temptation to use these drugs if these were widely available. Not only are such young adults unable to make fully informed choice about drug taking it also harms their body worse than adult users e. g. Steroids in younger people can stop hormones from being released and stunts growth. In older people it can cause prostate cancer. Also the use of these drugs would send a positive message about drug culture and other drugs. If PED became legal in the sporting society, then drug addicts would obviously find some way to get their hands on those drugs. Lets use an example; a drug dealer could call himself an upcoming athlete order some steroids under his name, or a regular drug addict could call himself a player for their High schools International cricket team and get access to drugs as well. Also L+G if drugs became legal in one part of our culture then other people will start o think as this new legalization as being double standard. At the moment there are drug buses coming to school explaining about the harm that drugs do and advise children not to do them. What if all of a sudden they children drugs are illegal and harmful, Id advise anyone not to do them. Unless you are a performer then its okay. What type of e. g. does this set people? Again this comes down to influencing children. Also it sportsmen and pertormers are allowed to do drugs then the question arises, hy not allow other professional physically laboring Jobs such as construction workers to also use steroids to enhance their ability? Why not make those PED legal in regular communities as well? Questions like these will start to frustrate people causing protests and boycotts against PED anyway. If normal people cant use drugs for everyday Jobs then why should sportsmen and performers be any different? This L+G is called double standard. By allowing PED we are setting double standards here. There would also be horrible consequences for PED. Drug taking would become ommon and too much people would end up in hospitals. More deaths, more violence and more health disorders. All this Just because one part of society decided they needed drugs to perform for them not their skill. L+G isnt it ironic that people play sport to be fit healthy, yet at the same time they use PED making their fitness health poor. By enforcing that all PED be banned we create a positive effect on society the future of the living world. We have faith that our athletes are competing naturally performing at their personal best.

Title and description Essay Example

Title and description Essay Example Title and description Essay Title and description Essay A Project Manager is a responsible individual in a company, for performing several tasks such as Project Plan, execution of plan, team management and in assessing team performance. Further a project manager is also responsible for communication, status reporting, risk management and issues that could not be resolved in a team and even budgeting of project, schedule are some of the   essential roles of   a project manager. Project manager required to be efficient at the outset, in HR management, caliber, managerial skills and a complete professional knowledge about labor laws, which means Project manager is similar to one-man army wherein a specific tool is used when it is required. The job of project manager   is not so easy to perform whereas it requires excessive working and on site knowledge for executing projects on time with the assistance of project team. It can be added here that, a desk job held by an individual does not take much time to perform with the fact that the task is within the purview of individual whereas project manager has to consider the work and performance of project team with each individual possessing different moods and levels of working. Skills and responsibilities Therefore, the job of a project manager is a complex job which requires in depth knowledge of HR management and project management apart from considerable experience in project management. Apart from project team, project manager   is accountable to senior management viz., CEOs, CFOs, COOs and even VPs who from time to time require feed back and progress reports of projects indicating the level of work that is completed and explanations for delays. Construction management shoulders project manager with heavy responsibility of construction engineering work, terms with labor, keeping a stock of construction materials and above all, importantly completing the construction project within schedule, as per architectural design with perfect finishing. Project manager is confronted with maximum hurdles such as lack of or insufficient funds,   lack of efficiency in labor, lack of team spirit or up rise of raw material prices in the market or any such unforeseen accidents while implementing project plan. A thorough training must be offered to Project Manager who is qualified, experienced, dynamic and smart individual.   It must be well understood by the Project Manager that senior management looks for completion of projects   in scheduled time and in achievement of such goals, project manager has to act in a language of professional authority, taking the initiativeness and decision making powers to get the project completed within the time frame, which is essential duty of project manager. Project Manager can also consider the consent of other counterparts viz., team leaders, team committees, project director and project leader. In order to perform exceedingly well in the duty of project manager, neat and well written project plan, detailing each team member duties, schedules, time frames, progressive reports of phase-wise project   completion, must be prepared in advance by choosing one of the best project development model,   which offers a complete set of work schedules for   project management. Periodical meetings with team members, senior members, committee members, would enable a clear picture about project progress and also ensures corrective measures if there were any mistakes while executing projects.   Therefore the role of a project manger is that of hub in a wheel who is a driving force behind completion of projects in time, although it is a hard-labored job of dealing issues beginning from workforce to senior managers. Salary range and benefits A project manager is highly paid and rewarded with maximum benefits.   For instance an IT Project Manager in Florida receives low $60,454,   typical 71,897 and high $ 85,708, according to PayScale Salary calculator. This provides a fact that an IT Project Manager holds a very responsible position in a company with great responsibilities which is why, an attractive pay packet along with benefits such as holiday package, bonus payment and allowances are available for an IT Project Manager. Education and experience requirements For an IT Project Manager, a thorough and professional knowledge both theoretical and practical is required in systems administration and an award of IT Certification is further beneficial in getting the job in an easy process and especially if IT certification is specific in products, vendors and tasks, there is more opportunities for easy entry into the companies. Apart from certification regular reference with IT books,   practical experiences also add up the ability to produce effective results. Small and medium sized businesses are also opting for IT managers who are both qualified and experienced therefore, career opportunities in IT Project Managers are good for the present and for the future and with this supporting and evidencing fact,   career makers can avail this opportunity in mastering project manager certification and experience and be seated in a multinational company or an SME as a professionally qualified Project Manager. For a project manager, each day of working would provide a new working experience and adds to the field of experience whether it is in IT, consumer or a construction company.   The role of responsibility played by a project manager leads to a different working experience which varies from company to company.   Each company has certain limitations, expectations and specific duties and responsibility for a project manager and while considering the appointment, the candidate has to carefully examine, understand and analyse whether a justice to the specifications of job can be met with and only then accept appointment.   A clear SWOT analysis has to be made by a project manager before joining a company. Part 2 Interview Questions Interviews questions have to be quite professional, analytical and creative oriented such that the collective abilities of candidate both   academic, work experience and creativity must be calculated at the time of interview which produces an overall picture of candidate and further enables the interviewer to rate the candidate as Merit, First class, Second class or average Project Manager. The presentation skills,   body language, etiquette and code of dress are all added features   of a good project manager and companies look no further before selecting a right candidate. It is important for the candidates to give no impressive replies whereas produce answers in the right direction, right attitude with complacency. The following interview questions for the job of project manager are pre-meditated   : Ques.1   How do you evaluate yourself as a successful Project Manager? Ques 2   Were you encountered with heated situations which you solved technically and professionally with your own pursuance with   project team? Ques. 3   In the event of unmanageable situation, what is the first thing that you ever take up to do?   In order to reach a manageable solution for completion of a project. Ques. 4   Do you attribute your success of project completion to you personally or to the company   you work/worked for? Ques 5. What are elements of a successful Project Manager ? Part 3 Probable answers expected from the candidate by the interviewer: Ans 1. Rate myself as reasonably good project manager so far, as the projects handled by me are limited to a period of five years work experience wherein, there were no lacunae areas or unsatisfied results throughout the period of project management.   Senior management was content with the way the company’s projects were executed in a quite professional manner along with coordinators and co-workers.   As project manager, believe in encouraging team spirit and motivation which are driving force for speedy delivery of projects within time schedule. Ans.2   There were numerous situations, which were resolved without intervention of any senior member, by implementing and using skills, technical aspects, moral and social aspects which came to a halt in clearing confused areas while working.   This certainly necessitates extra flow of energy and checking of mindset of each individual as to what the other end is looking for and how important it is to satisfy workers or pacify emotions which reach to   high   levels in uncompromising status.   For that matter any situation has only two sides either positive or negative and these have to be handled respectively and cleared for moving ahead with work. Ans 3. Unmanageable situation do occur and personally never get carried away or loose temperament and instead sip a cup of coffee and draw / design a plan in five minutes and get back to the situation   and resolve without further delay.   Piling up of complex situations bring down the progress and slows the down the delivery of projects.     Therefore any hurdles that are encountered with, have to be faced practically and derive solutions without wasting time as one of the main aspects of project management is time management. Ans 4. Company provides authority, reputation and goodwill to Project Manager with an expectation that project manager would perform at a merit level and pays a good salary. Companies believe and trust Project Managers which is an intangible asset for the companies and project managers avail those good opportunities of projects and gain recognition by delivering projects within framework.   Therefore companies have to receive first hand acclamation and thereafter the second half of success belongs to project manager with the fact that skills, potential abilities and work experience were implemented in execution of projects. Ans 5. The first element of a successful project is scope of delivery whether it is in boardroom, videoconference   room or an auditorium with a question â€Å"what are we delivering?†Ã‚   and â€Å"what we are not delivering?†.   The second element is time, the third element is cost, the fourth element is quality and   fifth element is risk.   A project manager must collectively use all these five elements in order to deliver a successful project. The above interview questions were to be answered by an interviewee, a moderate, reasonable with brief description and presentation of answers would be made, with the fact that,   excessive flow of jargon may spoil or may lower the selection process. Everything that is said or written has to be brief, to the point and concise. In other words, usage of correct English, good selection of diction and appropriately spoken would be noble and impresses the interviewer. All kind of interviews may not be similar as it differs from company to company and it requires preparation before attending an interview and keep an update of interview skills and quality paper presentation.   Especially these globalised times, job opportunities for project managers are vast wherein talent pool is in great need and whoever matches with the perfect quality, proves lucky enough in reaping good awards of job placement apart from a winsome salary package and benefits. Conclusion Before opting for any career or job placement, a complete criteria of requisite academics, work experience and skills have to be met with by the candidate in order to perform in the course of employment.

Cepillarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples

Cepillarse Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples The Spanish verb cepillar  means to brush. It is a regular  -ar  verb like  caminar  and  desayunar. However, this verb can also be used in its  reflexive  form  cepillarse,  which implies that the action returns to the subject of the verb. You will often hear the verb used reflexively, thus the tables below show the conjugations for the reflexive form  cepillarse,  including the  reflexive pronouns  (me, te, se, nos, os, se). The conjugation tables include  the present, past and future indicative, the present and past subjunctive, the imperative, and other verb forms. How to Use the Verbs Cepillar and Cepillarse When cepillar is used non-reflexively, it is simply a transitive verb that means to brush something. For example, El hombre cepilla sus zapatos para limpiarlos  (The man brushes his shoes to clean them). Also, it can be used to talk about brushing someone elses hair or teeth. In that case, you need to use the indirect object pronouns, which indicate who receives  the action. For example, La mam le cepilla los dientes a su hijo  (The mom brushes her sons teeth).   When used reflexively, cepillarse  is most often used to talk about brushing ones hair or teeth. For example, Ella se cepilla el pelo antes de acostarse  (She brushes her hair before going to bed) or El nià ±o se cepilla los dientes por la maà ±ana  (The boy brushes his teeth in the morning). However, there are two other verbs that are also used for the same contexts. Peinarse  is used to talk about combing ones hair, and lavarse  is commonly used to talk about washing ones teeth.   Cepillarse Present Indicative Yo me cepillo I brush Yo me cepillo los dientes tres veces al da. T te cepillas You brush T te cepillas el pelo con cuidado. Usted/l/ella se cepilla You/he/she brushes Ella se cepilla el cabello. Nosotros nos cepillamos We brush Nosotros nos cepillamos la barba. Vosotros os cepillis You brush Vosotros os cepillis los dientes despus de comer. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se cepillan You/they brush Ellos se cepillan el pelo por la noche. Cepillarse Preterite  Indicative Yo me cepill I brushed Yo me cepill los dientes tres veces al da. T te cepillaste You brushed T te cepillaste el pelo con cuidado. Usted/l/ella se cepill You/he/she brushed Ella se cepill el cabello. Nosotros nos cepillamos We brushed Nosotros nos cepillamos la barba. Vosotros os cepillasteis You brushed Vosotros os cepillasteis los dientes despus de comer. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se cepillaron You/they brushed Ellos se cepillaron el pelo por la noche. Cepillarse  Imperfect  Indicative The imperfect tense  can be translated as used to brush or was brushing.  It is used to talk about ongoing or habitual  actions in the past.   Yo me cepillaba I was brushing Yo me cepillaba los dientes tres veces al da. T te cepillabas You were brushing T te cepillabas el pelo con cuidado. Usted/l/ella se cepillaba You/he/she was brushing Ella se cepillaba el cabello. Nosotros nos cepillbamos We were brushing Nosotros nos cepillbamos la barba. Vosotros os cepillabais You were brushing Vosotros os cepillabais los dientes despus de comer. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se cepillaban You/they were brushing Ellos se cepillaban el pelo por la noche. Cepillarse Future  Indicative Yo me cepillar I will brush Yo me cepillar los dientes tres veces al da. T te cepillars You will brush T te cepillars el pelo con cuidado. Usted/l/ella se cepillar You/he/she will brush Ella se cepillar el cabello. Nosotros nos cepillaremos We will brush Nosotros nos cepillaremos la barba. Vosotros os cepillaris You will brush Vosotros os cepillaris los dientes despus de comer. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se cepillarn You/they will brush Ellos se cepillarn el pelo por la noche. Cepillarse Periphrastic Future  Indicative The periphrastic future is formed with the verb  ir  (to go) conjugated  in the present indicative tense, plus the  preposition  a,  and the infinitive of the verb. With reflexive verbs remember to put  the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb  ir. Yo me voy a cepillar I am going to brush Yo me voy a cepillar los dientes tres veces al da. T te vas a cepillar You are going to brush T te vas a cepillar el pelo con cuidado. Usted/l/ella se va a cepillar You/he/she is going to brush Ella se va a cepillar el cabello. Nosotros nos vamos a cepillar We are going to brush Nosotros nos vamos a cepillar la barba. Vosotros os vais a cepillar You are going to brush Vosotros os vais a cepillar los dientes despus de comer. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se van a cepillar You/they are going to brush Ellos se van a cepillar el pelo por la noche. Cepillarse Conditional  Indicative The conditional tense  is used  for talking about possibilities or probabilities. In English it is translated as would brush.   Yo me cepillara I would brush Yo me cepillara los dientes tres veces al da. T te cepillaras You would brush T te cepillaras el pelo con cuidado. Usted/l/ella se cepillara You/he/she would brush Ella se cepillara el cabello. Nosotros nos cepillaramos We would brush Nosotros nos cepillaramos la barba. Vosotros os cepillarais You would brush Vosotros os cepillarais los dientes despus de comer. Ustedes/ellos/ellas se cepillaran You/they would brush Ellos se cepillaran el pelo por la noche. Cepillarse Present Progressive/Gerund Form The  present participe or gerund  for  -ar  verbs is formed by adding the ending  -ando. You can use the present participle to form progressive verb forms like the present progressive.   Present Progressive of  Cepillarse  se est cepillando   She is brushing  Ella se est  cepillando el cabello. Cepillarse  Past Participle The past participle for -ar  verbs is formed by adding the ending -ado.  You can use the past participle  to form compound tenses like the present perfect.   Present Perfect of  Cepillarse  se ha cepillado   She has brushed  Ella se ha cepillado el cabello Cepillarse Present Subjunctive The  subjunctive mood  is used in subordinate clauses for situations that describe doubts, desires, emotions, or situations that are pending or subjective. Que yo me cepille That I brush El dentista recomienda que yo me cepille los dientes tres veces al da. Que t te cepilles That you brush La estilista espera que t te cepilles el pelo con cuidado. Que usted/l/ella se cepille That you/he/she brush Mam quiere que ella se cepille el cabello. Que nosotros nos cepillemos That we brush Federico recomienda que nosotros nos cepillemos la barba. Que vosotros os cepillis That you brush Lucas espera que vosotros os cepillis los dientes despus de comer. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas se cepillen That you/they brush Leo recomienda que ellos se cepillen el pelo por la noche. Cepillarse Imperfect  Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive  can be conjugated in two different ways. Below you can find the two conjugations, which are both considered correct. Option 1 Que yo me cepillara That I brushed El dentista recomendaba que yo me cepillara los dientes tres veces al da. Que t te cepillaras That you brushed La estilista esperaba que t te cepillaras el pelo con cuidado. Que usted/l/ella se cepillara That you/he/she brushed Mam quera que ella se cepillara el cabello. Que nosotros nos cepillramos That we brushed Federico recomendaba que nosotros nos cepillramos la barba. Que vosotros os cepillarais That you brushed Lucas esperaba que vosotros os cepillarais los dientes despus de comer. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas se cepillaran That you/they brushed Leo recomendaba que ellos se cepillaran el pelo por la noche. Option 2 Que yo me cepillase That I brushed El dentista recomendaba que yo me cepillase los dientes tres veces al da. Que t te cepillases That you brushed La estilista esperaba que t te cepillases el pelo con cuidado. Que usted/l/ella se cepillase That you/he/she brushed Mam quera que ella se cepillase el cabello. Que nosotros nos cepillsemos That we brushed Federico recomendaba que nosotros nos cepillsemos la barba. Que vosotros os cepillaseis That you brushed Lucas esperaba que vosotros os cepillaseis los dientes despus de comer. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas se cepillasen That you/they brushed Leo recomendaba que ellos se cepillasen el pelo por la noche. Cepillarse Imperative   In order to give orders or commands, you need the imperative mood. You can use positive or  negative commands, which differ in the  tà ºÃ‚  and vosotros conjugations. Notice that the placement of the reflexive pronoun is also different in the positive and negative commands.   Positive Commands T cepllate Brush! Cepllate el pelo con cuidado! Usted cepllese Brush! Cepllese el cabello! Nosotros cepillmonos Lets brush! Cepillmonos la barba! Vosotros cepillaos Brush! Cepillaos los dientes despus de comer! Ustedes cepllense Brush! Cepllense el pelo por la noche! Negative Commands T no te cepilles Dont brush! No te cepilles el pelo con cuidado! Usted no se cepille Dont brush! No se cepille el cabello! Nosotros no nos cepillemos Lets not brush! No nos cepillemos la barba! Vosotros no os cepillis Dont brush! No os cepillis los dientes despus de comer! Ustedes no se cepillen Dont brush! No se cepillen el pelo por la noche!

Dualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dualism - Essay Example One key feature about dualism also has to do with the fact that greater percentage of the commentators who have discusses or written about the subject before appreciate dualism from the mind-body perspective. There seem to be this uniformity of agreement among the commentators because the mind-body perspective of dualism is considered to be the basis or history behind dualism whereby â€Å"humans have (or seem to have) both physical properties and mental properties† (Howard, 2011). In the following sections, the subject of dualism as presented from selected view points is discussed. Platonic Dualism The perspective of Plato’s dualism is related to the human life as well but Plato tackles the entities of body and soul instead of mind and body. Generally, Plato’s points and arguments on dualism are considered as the oldest. In his opinion, the body and soul of humans are two different entities that live for two different purposes. As such, Plato asserts that when o ne of the entities departs or dies, the other lives on. The College of Letters, Arts & Social Sciences (2001) posits that Plato’s view on a separation of the body from the soul (in such a way that they are two different entiries) is perfectly backed by the Torah. The debate between Plato’s assertions that the soul lives after live is however challenged by the scholars of the Torah. This is because the latter argue that â€Å"when God communicates with the Hebrews in the Torah, his covenant explicitly references rewards in this life, not an afterlife† (College of Letters, Arts & Social Sciences, 2001). This means that contrary to Plato’s beliefs that the soul lives after the body dies and that the souls faces reward or punishment based on the actions it performed when the body lived, scholars of the Torah refute this Socrates’ perspective of Dualism Socrates also holds a dynamic view of dualism with a lot of similarities with the views shared by Pla to. Actually, Socrates confirms that the body and soul are two independent entities of live and those they are the central point of human dualism. Idealistically, Socrates may differ from Plato in the sense that whereas Plato advocates total independence of the body from the soul and sees them as two individuals who never depend on the other, Socrates argue that the soul has a lot of relation and dependence on the body and that the body actually imprisons the soul as long as the body lives. To this end, â€Å"Socrates argues that death is a good thing because it frees the soul from the body in which it was effectively imprisoned† (Clark, 2010). The implication that is got from this assertion is that the soul is a representation of truth and wisdom and thus as an entity living in the human being, that is all that the soul seeks to champion. However, the body, which is more directed towards evil and lies is too powerful that if often times overcomes the soul and so hardly allow s the soul to operate independently till death separates the two. St. Augustine’s Dualism St. Augustine takes the subject of dualism to a more religious perspective than just being philosophical. From St. Augustine’s perspective therefore, dualism is debated more as a doctrine than a philosophical

I will send the question to writer direcly Assignment

I will send the question to writer direcly - Assignment Example The traditional marketing mix is considered to be the 4 Ps – product, price, place and promotion. For service industries, a further 3 Ps were added (McGrath, 1986) – people, physical evidence and processes. For the purposes of this essay, the focus will be on the four Ps, with their international variations considered as they apply to Tesco later in the essay. Keegan and Green (2011, p.399) define a product as â€Å"a good, service, or idea with both tangible and intangible attributes that collectively create value for a buyer or user†. One of the key attributes associated with a product is branding, which can be useful for organisations extending operations overseas. Price is defined as â€Å"a function of the demand for the product as determined by the willingness and ability of customers to buy† (ibid, p.365). For international markets, consideration must be given to price floors, price ceilings and optimum pricing. Place is â€Å"the availability of a product or service in a location that is convenient to a potential customer† (ibid, p.399) although it can also include the when and how products and services are available as well. Promotion refers to â€Å"all forms of communication used by organisations to inform, remind, explain, persuade and influence the attitudes and buying behaviour of customers and othersâ €  (ibid, p.431) and includes a wide variety of options, all of which should be used to convey and reinforce a consistent message. Tesco plc a leading food and grocery retailer in the UK operating out of 4,331 stores in 14 countries worldwide: the UK, other European countries, the USA and Asia (Datamonitor 2010b p.15). It is one of the major retailers within the UK food industry, within which hypermarkets, supermarkets and discounters hold a 61.3% by value of the market (ibid p.10). Within the UK, Tesco is perceived to have reached the extent of its expansion, so is now seeking overseas expansion to increase its

The Visitor Motivations To Attend Events Tourism Essay

The Visitor Motivations To Attend Events Tourism Essay Motivation or the drive to attend events can be of generic nature. Benefits associated with it also plays a motivational role. Leisure and travel especially having quality time with family and friends in addition to enjoy that sense of belonging give reason to attend events. Events pull people from all corners, socializing can be one of the many interest which drives oneself to attend events. The sole purpose of creating events by social and cultural group is socializing. Planned events definitely facilitate socializing, i.e. people coming together and interacting. People attend events for generic personal benefits such as entertainment and simple diversion (we can call this escapism) and having fun. Generic Experiences are those which can occur at any event. These experiences depend more on an individuals state of mind and particular circumstances rather than with the event theme, programme or setting. There are some ambiguous and generic reasons to attend events like entertaining, a reaction to something or ones point of view. . The event might be solemn and sacred. Sports event can attract fun loving visitors. Any enjoyable, stimulating or relaxing event draws people towards it. (Donald Getz, p. 182). There are some specific event experiences which are considered motivational. These events are planned events. People seeking knowledge, with a learning objective welcomes a cultural event. They are able to know something new and appreciable about the culture. Engage emotionally and cognitively with places, people and their lifestyle, historical aspect, cultural performances, food and beverages, art and architecture of that place . Simply sightseeing, enjoying, entertaining or spectacle, does not constitute a cultural experience. Belonging and sharing among a social group, community or nation are reflected in celebration. Values come to the forefront. In many cultural events community itself is the theme of celebration. Cultural events are concerned with genuineness in experiential terms. For a joyous experience being one of the motivational factor, festival and carnivals are attended by visitors. These festivals and carnivals depict a wide range of themes. These festivals can be sacr ed and religious. The carnivals associated with wild and boisterous merry making. The festivals may embody rituals. These festivals and carnivals entertain the attendants, provide a party atmosphere, these seem to be the drive which attract the visitors. The entire experience is dependent on the visitors involvement, their thinking, their approach (Donald Getz, p. 183). The developed souls are drawn towards spiritualism and religion. Any event associated with spiritualism and religion motivates them to attend. Events associated with transcend, to discover self, rapture, ecstasy, revelation with intense religious or spiritual experiences are more than enough to motivate these souls to attend the spiritual and religious events. There are significant differences between being religious and being spiritual. Spiritual refers to personal belief, a search for meaning in ones life, and so any tourist could have a spiritual experience in a sacred place or alongside religious pilgrims. (Timothy and Olsen , 2006, p 271) There are possibilities for spiritual experiences being incorporated into, or modifying mans common forms of tourism, from nature tours to attending farm shows and harvest festivals, food and wine tastings to spa visits. While often associated with visits to sacred places, spiritual experiences are also realized through meditation, exploring and performing rituals. In this sense the search for meaning in life can propel, almost invisibly, many leisure and travel activities or events. (Reisinger, 2006) A rite of passage and a transforming experience, the pilgrimage a special event in a persons life. A quest, a journey and an experience of a sacred place acts as motivational factors for this type of event. A pilgrimage is conceptualized as a special event in a persons life. There are well defined events for religious pilgrimage. The main motive of this event is to purify, repent, sacrifice and praise. In some cases it gains special status, making it a transforming process, at least in symbolic terms for e.g. on completion of the Hajj, one becomes Hajji. (Donald Getz, p. 184). Many tourism scholars now speak of secular pilgrimages or secular events , such as a golfers pilgrimage to St Andrews in Scotland (the generally recognized birthplace of the game) or a wine lovers pilgrimage to the regions in which favourite wines are produced. Gammon (2004) wrote (p. 40): pilgrimage.., will include a journey of some kind to a place (or places) which holds personal and/or collective meaning to the pilgrim The experience might provoke awe and wonderment, whether at a sport shrine or a holy event. (Donald Getz, p. 185) Within special interest groups, or sub-cultures, certain events have prestige and become must-see, must-do icons. For example, marathon runners strive to qualify for the Boston Marathon, making participation in that event almost like a pilgrimage. Does this apply to music concerts or other types of events? Could consumer researchers identify an evoked set of events that people just have to attend because of their symbolic value? (Donald Getz, p. 185) Many political and state events have a high degree of formality, pomp and ceremony attached to them. Terms like stately. regal or dignified might be used to describe the mood. Attendance to these events is to protest, participate or report on depending on what access the visitor have to the VIPs, and how they interact with security. For the politicians in attendance there should be dialogue, negotiation and public displays of diplomacy. (Donald Getz, p. 185) By labelling entertainment an industry, society has created a social construct that depicts many forms of planned events (especially concerts, award shows and sports. but even festivals and art exhibitions) as entertainment. Events, for many, have become legitimate outlets for consumerism where time is spent and money oblivious to, or unwanting of, any deeper experience or meaning than short-lived amusement. This, of course, is a dangerous thing for anyone concerned about the arts, cultural authenticity or social values. (Donald Getz, p. 185) Aesthetic judgement concerns art but is value laden and relative. What one person finds attractive, another might describe as boring or disgusting. An aesthetic experience, however, is one in which we find something to be pleasing to us. It can be the aesthetic appreciation of paintings, food, fashion or music. Designers take note: aesthetic experiences are valued, and they motivate a great deal of travel and consumption. (Donald Getz, p. 185) Authenticity is widely considered by academic scholars to be a crucial factor in visitors motivation to attend any event. In the heritage event, arena authenticity is a widely used marketing tool. If an event is authentic, then the attendee gains both in self-fulfillment because it is perceived to be a more valuable experience but also because it provides greater status and prestige to them when discussing the visit with friends. However, it is important to remember that the degree of authenticity ascribed to the event is often different to different people. A visitors perception of authenticity depends. however, upon their own understanding of culture and appreciation of art forms, such as dance or music, as well as their taste and educational level. It is also affected by external factors such as overcrowding, weather and traffic on the journey there. Similarly to motivation, each individuals perception of authenticity will be different. Visitors accept, and even expect, a certain level of staging and inauthenticitv in events, which do not necessarily detract from the value of that experience, but are seen as intrinsic. Authenticity can be existential, in visitors minds rather than an actual reality. (Peter Robinson, Debra Wale, Geoff Dickson, 2010). In case of Food Events, Festivals, etc the main motivation at the enterprise level is to create relationships with customers and consumers. The opportunity for face-to-face contact can lead to positive relationships with consumers which may lead to both direct sales and indirect sales through positive word of mouth; increasing margins through direct sales to consumer because of the absence of many distribution and intermediary costs; increasing consumer exposure to products and increasing opportunities to sample products rather than through normal retail outlets; building brand and product awareness and loyalty through establishing links between producer and consumer; providing an additional sales outlet. For smaller producers who cannot guarantee volume or consistency of supply, direct sales via event is the only feasible sales outlet; providing marketing intelligence on products and customers. Producers can gain instant and valuable feedback on the consumer reaction to their existi ng products. and are able to trial new additions to their product range; and providing opportunities to educate customers. Visits to events can help create awareness and appreciation of specific types of foods and food as a whole, the knowledge and interest generated by this can be expected to result in increased consumption and purchase. (Telfer and Wall, 1996; Hall and Mitchell, 2001, 2008; Hall et al., 2003) Wine festival visitors are not alike in terms of their needs, wants, and personal characteristics. They should not be considered as being a homogenous group. It is important for festival organizers and wine marketers to recognize these different groups in order to implement appropriate promotional strategies. (C. Michael Hall, Liz Sharples) The single event case study is dominant within empirical work. Li and Petrick (2006) suggest that a majority of the studies pertaining to festival and event motivation have employed travel motivation frameworks which have been theoretically based on the escape-seeking dichotomy and push-pull model. Event attendance motives are multiple, and include cultural exploration, family togetherness, recovery of equilibrium, novelty. external group socialisation, known group socialisation, gregariousness and festival participation and learning.(Janet Cochrane, 2008, p. 236) In addition to the above and taking into consideration the characteristics of the Ulaanhaatar Naadam as a key sporting event, the growing body of literature on motivation for attending sporting competitions should also be acknowledged. Kim and Chalip (2004). in particular. have cast some light on motivations associated with fan interest (identifying with specific competitors) and the aesthetic appreciation. .(Janet Cochrane, 2008, p. 236) Although the practice of marketing is often reduced to, or confused with advertising and sales, it is best described as the management of the interface or exchange relationships between an organization and its stakeholders, in pursuit of achieving the organizations goals. Communications are a key element in this ongoing process. Marketing requires research to gain understanding of customers and other stakeholders needs, motives and choices, the effectiveness of communications, and the influences of price and supply. Its theoretical foundations lie mainly in psychology and economics. Customers are not the only group that requires relationship management that task starts internally with staff and volunteers and extends externally through facilitators and regulators. Events marketing is dependant on the visitors motives to attend the event. (Donald Getz, p. 278) Worldwide interest, increasing globalization, a growing television audience and exposure to the World Wide Web have led to increased interest in events as a reflection of contemporary culture. In some extreme instances, sporting events can stop the nation arid the world. This is certainly the case with some athletic events in the Summer Olympics. Two billion viewers watched Pope John Paul IIs funeral. The execution of this event was doubtlessly planned in infinite detail an extraordinary ceremony attended by the worlds leaders and watched worldwide. (Merilynn Van Der Wagen, 2007, p. 8) Competitive environment, countries and cities involved in bid processes demonstrate the competitive nature of event procurement. Many conferences and exhibitions attract thousands of visitors and their expenditure is generally much higher than the average international visitor, All over the world in China, in particular there are initiative5 to build bigger and better convention facilities in order to attract this lucrative segment. (Merilynn Van Der Wagen, 2007, p. 8) Economic and tourism impact, business, cultural and sporting events also contribute significantly to the economic and tourism impact on cities and even countries. Many cities and suburbs are branded by their hallmark events, including Edinburgh. Monaco, Rio, Calgary and Chelsea. Taken into account here is the direct expenditure of visitors and event organizers as well as the indirect (or flow on) economic effect on the wider community. (Merilynn Van Der Wagen, 2007, p. 8) Authentic or imaginative event products, consumers look for a point of difference and, in particular, authenticity when visiting an event as a tourist. Where leisure options are a dime a dozen, an event needs to provide the motivation to attend. In the case of annual events, the visitor needs a reason to return. WOMAD is an example of a popular and enduring event, held in several cities. WOMAD stands for World of Music, Arts and Dance, expressing the central aim of the WOMAD festival, which is to bring together and to celebrate many forms of music, arts and dance drawn from countries and cultures all over the world. The organizers say they aim to excite, to inform, and to create awareness of the worth and potential of a multicultural society. (Merilynn Van Der Wagen, 2007, p. 8) There is an old adage that Nothing happens until somebody sells something-an observation offered by Red Motley, the original editor of Parade magazine, the Sunday supplement to the Washington Post. Nowhere is this truer than in the conference and event industry. The marketing process must begin at the outset of the planning process, during the setting of the goals and objectives of the event itself. Marketing must both reflect and drive those objectives. It must also integrate the objectives into one goal and enlist people into action toward the fulfillment of that goal. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) For example. an educational conference essentially has one goal: to educate participants. The marketing approach should emphasize the unique educational programs that this event will offer the attendee. Many vague promotions begin with You Are Invited to Attend. . . or something limpid such as Join Us for the 20th Annual Conference. These are far less comuelling uitchcs than those that proclaim: Learn How to Increase Your Profits or Ensure That Your Business Can Survive in the New Millennium. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) A conference might be designed to focus on a number of objectives such as, for example, education, entertainment, and changing the future governance of the organization. If this is our hypothetical event, marketing should drive all of those objectives. As an example. print promotion should proclaim that when you attend this event, you will learn Techniques for Success, revel in The Greatest Celebration of the Decade, and discover how to Position Our Association to Succeed in the Now Millennium. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) The essential point is that the marketing must begin when the planning process is launched. Only then can it serve as the greatest integral asset to drive attendance, profits. and repeat business at the next event. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) Marketing should integrate all of the management decisions so that they focus on the goals and objectives of the event as well as those of the sponsoring organization itself. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) History is rich with examples of creative geniuses who have dreamed beyond the borders of the conventional in order to develop awareness and increase sales for their events. they all shared a commonality of purpose. namely, the three Es of Event Marketing: Entertainment,Excitement, Enterprise. (Leonard H. Hoyle, pp 1-2) Whether you are marketing a complete convention or a standalone awards banquet. all three of these elements are critical to the continuing success of any event. Entertainment, for example, is available everywhere in our society. Years ago, people had to make a special effort to leave their homes to attend the theater or a sporting event to enjoy entertainment. They are now saturated with convenient home entertainment options on television, CDs and DVDs, computers. and videos. Key to your marketing success is the need to provide entertainment that will once again compel your audience to leave home to experience something they will not find there, because what you are offering is different, unique. and designed just for them. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) Excitement may seem intangible, but it is real. It is key to making an event memorable. Excitement may be generated by entertainment that blows the doors off the place: the great band, the dazzling magician, the fabulous party staged in the atrium lobby of a resort hotel. Bitt entertainment may have nothing to do with the excitement promised by an event marketer. Many marketers miss the opportunity to promise excitement in other critical features of their meeting and other events. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) Excitement can be part of a tribute to an industry leader, a new corporate logo introduced at a sales conference, or a celebration of an associations anniversary. The point is that it should always be considered as part of an effective marketing plan. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) For example, the greatest excitement for an attendee may be the eye-opening revelations of that special educational program that advances knowledge and career opportunities and changes lives forever. Or it may be the impact of that keynote speaker whose motivational message will become a lasting asset, and cherished memory, for the listener. The lesson? In whatever you market. incorporate excitement as pad of the promise. And then make sure it is delivered. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) Enterprise is defined in Websters Unabridged Dictionary as, among other things. a readiness to take risks. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) The natural inclination of people to experience something new, to be among the first to be able to describe those experiences to their friends, and to become part of the inner sanctum of the new enterprise. They wanted to blow the doors off the place and dared to ask the impertinent questions. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 3)

Financial Management Questions Essay

Question 1:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Medwig Corporation has a DSO of 17 days.   The company averages $3500 in credit sales each day.   What is the company’s average account’s receivable?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Answer / Solution:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Accounts Receivable = Days Sales Outstanding * (Sales / Days)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = 17 * (3500/1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = $59,500 Question 2: Discuss some of the techniques available to reduce risk exposures?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Answer:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Insurance is one of the simplest and most available ways to reduce exposure to risk.   It involves the transfer of risk to another company.   Depending on the amount and nature of the risk involved, risk retention by self-insurance might not be a practical option, especially if the cost of transferring the risk (insurance premiums) is reasonable enough to not add significant costs.   Risk transfer is not done always through insurance, however. Outsourcing some operations to a company who agrees to take on the risk involved is another type of risk reduction.   Some tasks are best suited for specialized companies, and large organizations might outsource such activities as customer support, software development and internal security. Derivative hedging is also an option, depending on the nature of the company.   Futures contracts, for example, reduce the risk of price fluctuations in a particular commodity, and are very useful to transfer it to a speculator.   A company producing commodities would benefit from this type of hedge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aside from transferring risks, a company might try to reduce risk by reducing the inherent cause of the risk.   Instead of hiring a single custodian for cash transfers, a company might hire another one to reduce the risk of employee theft.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The last method is to avoid the risk completely.   This will completely circumvent possible losses, but it also precludes any possible gains from taking on the risk.