Srudent Online Information System

Chapter I Introduction The growth of online system becomes an integral part of people’s daily living. Almost every institution adopted the latest trend of technologies. As the years goes by the number of the users of these ever changing technologies become larger as you could consider as phenomenon. The discovery of online system was a great help from computerized LAN based to WEB-based. It has brought a new level of technology that made every transaction fast, easy, accessible, and reliable. It engaged in a high level knowledge of expertise in term of using technologies.It provides the dissemination of information. Almost every institution adopted online system most especially universities. Online Information system is one of the much needed online systems. It is must in every institution especially in a company and universities. It is the most convenient way of storing, retrieving and viewing information that provides faster inquiry of data. Online student information system is a good example of online information system. This can manage student’s record without exerting much effort in searching and generating student’s data.As a result, student as well as administrative staff will benefit as a whole. Online student information is very essential most especially in a university. The Capiz State University, Dayao Campus, Dayao, Roxas City (CapSU) has a well established set of rules and procedures in disseminating student’s information and retrieving data. It is currently process manually. The administration assigned a staff in every transaction. The cashier’s office, guidance office and the registrar’s office are the offices which the student makes a transaction.The student manually inquires according to the transaction. The cahiers office is responsible for receiving student payment, assessment retrieval and releasing billing statement. The guidance office is for admission test. They gather dmission result and studentà ¢â‚¬â„¢s high school data. The registrar’s office is responsible for student’s enrollment records, grades, schedule, personal information etc. As the population grows conflicts also grow. The school faces difficulties in handling such information. To solve this problem it is about time to convert the manual system into online system.I decided to propose a study of online student information system of Capiz State University (Dayao Campus), in order to provide accurate, fast and more convenient way of storing, retrieving, searching and generating of records for the staff and inquiring, requesting and viewing of records for the student. Objectives of the study The general objective of this study is to design and create a Web- based system of student Information of Capiz State University (Dayao Campus). Specifically this study aims to: 1. Designed to integrate with the current and future system. 2.Create a system that could handle the student’s information such as p ersonal background, Id Number, grades, schedule and student accountabilities. 3. Developed a system that a student cannot manipulate rather can request, inquire and view records though online. 4. Designed a system that the assigned staff can manipulate, update managed and process student’s records. 5. Create a system that only an authorized staff and students or parents of the students of the said universities can access the website. Significance of the Study The proposed system will bring benefit to the following: School.The school will benefit in this system because it is a proof that the school is in progress that all transaction is now online. It will help the school to managed student information. Provide accurate data needed and serve student at its best. Registrars Staff. The staff of the registrars will benefit a lot in the system because of the objective of the system is transaction made in registrars such as grades inquiry, schedule, and personal information. It wil l lessen their workload and over-crowding of the student outside the office. It will lessen the pressure and noise made during transaction. Cashiers Staff.The staff of the cashier’s area will also benefit because it also include in the objective of the study. It will help to optimize the work load. It will help to avoid error in processing assessment and will make the transaction fast. Students. The student’s of the university will also benefit in this system. They can make their transaction fast and easy. They can view their accountabilities through online without falling inline outside the cashier’s area. They can also view their grades and request for printed grades. They can also view their schedule and have knowledge if whatever requirements are still they need to ubmit. Parents. All parents with a student In the said university will also benefit because they can monitor their child through online. They can view the status and accountabilities. They have kn owledge of the happenings of their children inside the campus. Researchers. This study can provide information to future researchers and develop their programming proficiency which can be used in developing other relevant computer programs. Scope and Limitations The main goal of the system is to put up a web based system at Capiz State University (Dayao Campus) preferably an Online Student Information System.The coverage of the said system is that it will be designed using the web technologies for fast, accessible, inquiry and requesting of information. The programming language to be used is Asp. net for web based and SQL server for the databased. The system will concentrate only on the student’s accountabilities records, grades, schedules and list of student’s requirements that need to comply. The study also includes the requesting of grades through online and the staff could automatically generate a printed report card after the student request.The student will be in formed about the requirements need to comply and that update students schedule. The registrar and the clerk will serve as the end user of the system and all official students of Capiz State University (Dayao Campus) as well as their parents will serve as the client of the system. Each of the clerk and registrar will have one computer connecting to an internet. The system will not cover the handling of admission process. Handling of records of examination and accessing records of absence and attendance.

Democratic Change and the Change to Democracy:

Democratic change and the change to democracy: cycle chapter 2, I learned that change drives the world, leaders drive change and change requires partners. Together we can develop vital change and conflict management skills and processes, we can facilitate the resolution of disputes, and empower ordinary people to participate In decision making at the local and national level. A more stringent definition of democracy demands more than Just fair elections. It defines a liberal democracy or also known as a full democracy In a littoral system In which most of the governments officials are elected.The free speech and free press help ensure that democratic governments are accountable to their citizens In a way that authoritarian regimes are not. However, full liberal democracy requires free contested elections, respect for call liberties, and support for pluralism in society. Some scholars argue that any definition of democracy is incomplete ( Handel 2009 pig 30 Developing countries have p layed a notable role in our history. The third wave darted in the late ass's and started winding down by the twenty first century.Third wave transitions were most dramatic in the former Soviet union and eastern European allies. This brought the cold war to an end. Many East Asian dictatorship mostly South Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia and Singapore enjoyed spectacular economic success from the uses through the late sass's.

Analysis Of The Barbie Doll Poem English Literature Essay

Analysis Of The Barbie Doll Poem English Literature Essay Since its debut in 1959, an unconceivable molded plastic statuette named Barbie has become an icon for little girls everywhere. The product line is one of the most successful in the history of the toy industry by selling over a Billion Barbie dolls worldwide throughout history in over 150 countries, with Mattel, Barbie’s inventor claiming that at least three dolls are sold every second. Barbie however has caused some controversy; many parents from around the world have argued that Barbie’s ultra-slim figure represents a ridiculous standard for a body shape and could give their child the wrong idea about what their body type should be like as they grow up. In the poem Barbie Doll, the author Marge Piercy suggests that an American Barbie Doll typically presents herself as being the â€Å"perfect† woman and this leads to people being jeered at for their appearance and expected to have a Barbie-doll-like figure. The doll is symbolic of the ways that women themselves have been made to think that’s what they should look like and what they strive for. A Barbie Doll can mislead children at a very young age and feel pressured to look and act in ways such as this unreal figure. When the word Barbie comes to mind, one usually thinks of her unrealistic body type-busty with tiny waist, thin thighs, and long legs; yet less than two percent of American women can ever hope to achieve such measurements. Who wouldn’t want to be all of that? As we grow up we realize it is all unrealistic and unachievable but as a child and young adult it can be misleading to girls around the world. Piercy uses four short stanzas to provide a sarcastic but brutal review of the cultural and societal expectations that American culture places on children, particularly young girls. The entire poem is written with a tone of depression and sadness. The young girl lives her life wishing to be someone else and apologizing about her culturally unacceptable image, which i s actually normal and healthy. In Stanza one, the speaker sets the tone of the poem by starting with a happy beginning, describing the girl playing with her new Barbie doll and how it can do everything such as pee-pee on its own and has her own mini sized appliances such as GE stoves and iron; which symbolize the duties an ideal mother is thought to perform. She wears makeup that represents confidence: â€Å"wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy† (Piercy 236). The red lipstick shows how sexuality is introduced to the child too early in life. All of these things mentioned are qualities that any girl would want to have. The doll presents an idealized image of the body. Line five is about what happens to a girl when they hit puberty; you gain weight and your features get bigger; â€Å"Then in the magic of puberty, a classmate said:/you have a great big nose and fat legs† (236). â€Å"The magic of puberty† (5) may be a sarcastic way of describing the maturing of a young woman. Nobody wants to go through that and would rather stay perfect and look like a Barbie doll.

What causes regime change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

What causes regime change - Research Paper Example South Korea and Taiwan are some of the East Asian countries that have faced many challenges towards their democratization. In fact, South Korea and Taiwan share a lot as far as their democratization and regime changes are concerned. The aim of this document is to conduct a comparative study of the democratization of South Korean and Taiwanese political regimes. South Korea and Taiwan are some of the East Asia countries that have come a long way in so far as establishing democratic systems are concerned. The two countries certainly share a lot in common as far as their democratic histories are concerned. For one, the two countries were once ruled by autocratic regimes that curtailed the development of democracy. Nevertheless, the two countries fought very hard by establishing democratic institutions that have made them some of the best examples of democracies in the world. Secondly, both countries achieved their democracies after successful industrialization. Both countries shared a lot in common with regards to the roles they played in post-war foreign relations. Kihl (2005) notes that both Taiwan and South Korea were once anticommunist military outposts. Additionally, both Taiwan and South Korea were once dominated by the Japanese colonialists in the pre-war era. Therefore, in the global perspective, the two countries represent the latest examples of Western European-type modernization because the social changes that resulted from industrialization finally promoted the establishment of democratic systems and institutions in them. Although Taiwan and South Korea share a lot in common with regards to the democratization process, the two countries also differ in some areas. One area where the two countries differ is in the state of political stability. In this regard, history shows that South Korea has experienced many political changes compared to Taiwan. Some of the changes

Patriarchal Society and Neo-patriarchy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Patriarchal Society and Neo-patriarchy - Essay Example An example of a patriarchal society and family system is that of the Muslim societies in Arab countries (Sharabi, 1988). Their society is "male dominated, male identified, and male centred." Neo-patriarchy is a modernized form of patriarchy but not modernity (Sharabi, 1992; Tamadonfar, 1994). Sharabi demonstrates this as exemplified by the Arab world. by showing how authentic change was blocked and distorted forms and practices subsequently came to dominate all aspects of social existence and activity--among them militant religious fundamentalism, an ideology symptomatic of neo-patriarchal culture. Elhum Haghighat (2005) says a neo-patriarchal society is a "modernized" patriarchal society going through rapid economic development and modernization as in many oil-producing countries since the mid-1950s. As explained by Sharabi (1988), the process of modernization is a uniquely European phenomenon. Accordingly, only Western societies experienced modernization in a "pure" sense because it happened without interference from other nations. Today's developing countries would not follow the footsteps of Western nations because of their dependent political and economic position and their cultural differences (Sharabi, 1988; Haghighat, 2005). Canada. Canada. The concept of neo-patriarchy greatly helps to understand the case of Canada. Canada is multicultural and therefore may be considered highly neo-patriarchal. In Sharabi's (1988) model, the patriarchy in Canada is cultural in social structure. Understandably, there are dominant and minority groups, as well as contending cultures and religions. Ziba Mir-Hosseini (2005) mentioned Canada as a place where Muslims live as a minority. A spate of media stories about multiculturalism in Canada is nothing new (Fahlman, 1994). During one of their recent elections, there was controversy as to whether multiculturalism should be an "official" government policy with funds attached to encourage minority and ethnic groups. That the policy leads to a fragmented society of too many identities as in Indo-Canadian, British Canadian, and such like was felt by most (Fahlman, 1994). Many argue that if a group wants to keep their cultural traditions, all taxpayers should not fund these, as each group should fund their own activities (Fahlman, 1994) In Europe, Canada is ranked as one of the countries with secular government ranking (Haghighat, 2005). This means the government promotes neither religion nor irreligion. There is hostility based on the perception that "special groups" are getting not only privileges but preferred treatment in Canada. For example, the Ontario employment equity policy has created negative feelings among "older" Canadians towards new minorities (Fahlman, 1994). One look at the National Anti-Racism Council of Canada (NAARC) website ("Canada," 2007) is very much informing on Canada and its conditions. For example, it is inferred that there is racial discrimination in that country. The United Nations is deemed to have required the Canadian Government to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination as shown in its shadow report of July 2004. The report, covering a wide range of issues including immigration, employment and human rights, presents a community perspective on the status of compliance with the Convention by the Canadian government.

Literature Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature review Example 80). For example, a 24/7 customer support service is available to customers in case of online businesses which is not there usually in case of traditional businesses. If we talk about online clothing sale business, we can say that it is a wonderful approach towards such business as it provides benefits for both customers and the company in terms of increased convenience for customers and increased customer base for the company. E-retailing actually started in 1997 by Dell computers. Today, there are a large number of companies that are doing their businesses online, such as, The Outnet, E-bay, and Amazon. The Outnet is one of the most successful UK clothing e-retailers. The company operates its business online and offers a wide range of luxury clothing products, such as, bags, shoes, clothes, and other garments to the customers. To ensure efficient working of business processes, the company has implemented an efficient management information system that keeps the business information up-to-date. The information system makes use of information technology tools for the processing of information and generation of reports (Earl 1996). As Oz (2009, p.9) states, â€Å"Information is the lifeblood of any organization†. ... Almost every company having online presence needs to manage the details of business processes and other information in the database in order to carry out the business processes effectively. According to Stahl (2008, p. 1), management information systems promote efficiency and effective control of business processes. The Outnet would have been a failure without the implementation of information system because it is a customer-oriented company and needs to be efficient in managing the information about customers’ orders and payments. Therefore, information management is one of the basic needs of an online retailer company in order to succeed in today’s competitive environment. If we talk about the benefits of online shopping for customers, we can say that customers find it very easy and convenient to do online shopping as it saves them a lot of time, energy, and money in terms of reduced traveling costs. Similarly, in today’s busy world, customers do not have much time to go to stores physically and spend a lot of time to select and purchase clothes. They prefer to do online shopping because they can do it from anywhere and any time. They do not have to dedicate some part of their time for shopping; rather they can do it while doing other personal or professional life activities. For example, people can do online shopping within the break they usually get in office hours. Similarly, a woman can check out latest clothing fashions on the websites of online companies while doing household activities. Moreover, they can also easily search many other alternatives to choose the best bag, a pair of shoes, or any other clothing product. A

War between Palestine and Israel (In favor of Palestine INFORMATIVE Essay

War between Palestine and Israel (In favor of Palestine INFORMATIVE - Essay Example The countries comprising Lebanon, Egypt, Jordon, Turkey, Palestine and Tunisia, which mainly constitute of Palestinian populaces, allegedly termed as refugees, decipher negative views about Israel. On the other hand, France, China, Germany and the USA, who are often observed as lacking adequate knowledge and understanding of the situation from a dual and unbiased perspective, are identified to have favorable views about the peaceful resolutions considered by Israelis. Even in the preceding years of the 20th century, conflict settlement processes had been initiated with the aim of settling the disputes between these two groups; for example, Oslo Accords in the year 1993 (Zanotti 2), Camp David Summit in 2000 and Taba Summit in 2001have been few of the failed peace treaties in this context (Emerson and Tocci 13). Recently, a two-state solution has been initiated with the objective of developing an independent state for Palestine and Israel. This settlement policy is expected to be effe ctive in resolving the dispute amid these countries as they will be facilitated with the opportunity of performing their operations independently without interventions from each other (Pew Research Center, â€Å"Despite Their Wide Differences, Many Israelis and Palestinians Want Bigger Role for Obama in Resolving Conflict† n.p.). It is worth mentioning in this regard that in most of the instances, the interests of Israelis of the Arab population have been considered with greater attention as compared to the Palestinians which can again be affirmed as a stimulator to Palestinians’ war strategies preferring terrorism. ARGUMENTS AGAINST To be mentioned specifically, Palestinians’ involvement in terrorist attacks in... The paper outlines all pros and cons of the war between Palestine and Israel. Apparently, history reveals that Palestinians have been the ancient citizens of the land but are now living in poverty as refugees in many regions of the state. From a generalized perspective, where Arab’s or Israelis’ quest to re-conquer Palestine can be justified on the grounds of religious beliefs, it can also be strongly contradicted on the basis of political interests and profits. Palestinians have often sought mutual alliance with the Israelis and gain the reputation of being the citizen of Palestine which is their native land. To be mentioned specifically, Palestinians’ involvement in terrorist attacks in Israel, affecting the life of many innocent civilians, has been raised major counter arguments to the role of the group in the sectarian war with Arabs. Whatever the reasons behind executing terrorist attacks, such as action however, cannot be justified on moral grounds, but can be addressed as a response on the economic and emotional grounds from the Palestinians. The conflict amid Israel and Palestine is continuing since the mid 20th century fundamentally centralizes on the right of the either group to reside as native in the land. Conclusively, based on the above discussion, it can be affirmed that in order to mitigate these issues and conflicts, transparent understanding of the main causes and the current beliefs as well as needs of the two groups must be considered in an unbiased manner; rather than disregarding Palestinians’ views owing to their involvement in terrorist attacks to gain their needs.

Development of U.S Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Development of U.S - Term Paper Example Hamilton suggested that, as the government did not have the money available to buy the stock, it could be loaned to the government by the bank itself. However, Jefferson rejected the idea on the basis that it would be unconstitutional, since the government did not have the right to form corporations. This issues represented the idea of loose against strict construction of the constitution. Jefferson’s argument was based around the argument that any action not enshrined in the constitution as therefore automatically unconstitutional. Hamilton, on the other hand, took a more fluid view of the constitution, arguing that the government holds the power to take any action which is not specifically banned by the constitution. This view takes into account changes in society since the writing of the constitution. In order to set up a regular source of income for the government, Hamilton also set up the Tariff. This not only had the effect of increasing government revenue but also of protecting manufacturing in the U.S. It was therefore significant as a protectionist policy. This was to create a rift within the Federalists. Meanwhile, the issue of national debt, first exemplified in the establishment of the National Bank, was creating more tension between Hamilton and Jefferson. Jefferson strongly believed that public debt and government borrowing was a curse because it would place a serious financial strain on future tax payers. Indeed, he wished to see the constitution amended to remove the ability of the government to borrow. Hamilton, on the other hand, believed that public debt could be a useful tool. He aimed to use the money generated through the tariff to offset the extremely high debt inherited from the old government by reissuing bonds. He also wanted state debt to be assumed by the government, in order to further benefit from tariff revenue which was federal. The tariff, however, was

Emergency Department Operated by the Childrens National Medical Center Essay

Emergency Department Operated by the Childrens National Medical Center - Essay Example The object of analysis for the purpose of this assignment is Emergency Department as one of the most key services offered by the Children’s National. Undoubtedly, level 1 trauma center is one of the most notable strengths of the Emergency Department. This trauma center would assist the department to provide trauma patients with the highest level of surgical care. According to Stanford University Medical Center, this facility would greatly benefit the Emergency Department to improve a severely injured patient’s survival probability by nearly 20-25%. In other words, the level 1 trauma center significantly enhances patient safety, which is the ultimate goal of every patient care. In addition, it is a teaching hospital that offers clinical education and training to pediatric residents, fellows, and other graduate trainees each year. This departmental division plays a notable role in developing qualified pediatric professionals who can promote child safety. Well trained medi cal staff is another competitive strength of the Emergency Department. This strength assists the department to eliminate the chances of clinical errors to a great extent and thereby provide patients with quality care services. Furthermore, well trained medical staff can promote the overall productivity of the organization and address the needs of more number of children. The Emergency Department has developed a set of efficient processes in child care delivery. Therefore, it can avoid unnecessary delays associated with patient treatment and contribute to the fast patient recovery. Referring to Robinson and Pinkerton, while analyzing the operational efficiency of the Emergency Department, staff shortage appears to be the most severe problem affecting the patient safety. Reports indicate that staff shortage may lead to a series of other issues including worksite stress, medical errors, low-quality care, and unhealthy interpersonal relations. In an understaffed worksite environment, nu rses are compelled to work under tough schedules and this situation in turn adversely affects nurse-patient relation, which is highly essential in case of childcare. Staff shortage will certainly reduce the overall productivity of the organization. In addition, this issue would always raise potential challenges to the hospital administration also. Rapid turnover of management and nurses is another major weakness causing troubles to the Emergency Department. Termination of nurses and other clinical practitioners would noticeably increase the Emergency Department’s operating expenses because the high rate of staff turnover would lead to an increase in recruitment as well as training expenses. In addition, the time delay involved between the voluntary employee termination and new employee recruitment would cause to reduce the quality of the patient care. Loss of experienced staff due to increased employee turnover is an untreatable problem as experienced staff can enhance patien t safety more effectively as compared to a fresher. High-level staff/executives turnover also leads to a frequent change in the management structure of the Emergency Department; naturally, this situation would end up in inefficient care delivery.

Business Decision Making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Decision Making - Assignment Example The recommendations made by the respondents will also be considered along with the recommendations of the final report. Research Methodology The research methodology to be incorporated in the report is primary research. Secondary research methodology refers to the methodology that focuses on collecting data from already existing resources. Secondary data can be collected from online sources or from published sources. Secondary data can also be collected from government or organization sources. Now a day’s secondary research methodology is popular among the researchers because the internet provides data from all parts of the world on the desktop (Driscoll, 2011, p. 3). The researchers can gain large amount of data from reliable sources of the internet and thus can gain data in much less time than compared to gathering data from physical libraries. The researchers can use the cost cutting to enhance the scope of the research in future. The data collected from the peer reviewed j ournals provide authenticated data. The researchers do not need to appoint external associate to collect data as theses are readily available over the net. Therefore secondary research is extremely popular among researchers as it has got some advantages over the primary method of data collection in terms of cost or time (Hox and Boeije, 2007). Primary research methodology In order to form current information to be the basis of research, it is important to incorporate methodologies like primary research. Primary research is created through the development of questionnaires that can be both structured as well as unstructured. The structured questionnaire is closed ended questions. The structured questionnaire is based on interviews on an existing set of alternatives. The open ended questions like to gather data through open views of the respondents (Reja, U. Et. Al.,2003). Both types of questions can be sent through mail to the respondents. The researchers can also appoint external au thorities to conduct direct interviews. The respondents are selected in the form of framing the target population into groups and then selecting the respondents from that group with the probabilistic or the non probabilistic methods. In this assignment two groups are selected namely the staffs of the restaurant and the students of the university. They have further been categorised into different age groups namely 18-24, 25-30 and 30+. On the basis of two categories the respondent groups the sampling method into Stratified Sampling method where 25 of the respondents have been selected from many respondents (University of Alberta, n.d). Herein for conducting the research, 25 respondents have been chosen from the categories in order to provide recommendation to the restaurant authority. Further types of questions that can be constructed for the purpose are qualitative as well as quantitative sets. The qualitative research tries to infer the impact of the behavioural parameters. Quantit ative research focuses in gaining inferences with the help of graphs and charts which can further be used for statistical modelling. Interviews conducted relating to the niche group of respondents contains both the students and the staffs. This is needful for the authorities to have a proper inference of the behaviour of the respondents from both perspectives. The researchers need to conduct the interview in unbiased fashion as biased data will lead to false information (Geer, n.d.). This is expected to

Explain and evaluate claims made by linguistic relativists regarding the relationship between language, thought and culture Essay Example for Free

Explain and evaluate claims made by linguistic relativists regarding the relationship between language, thought and culture Essay The relationship between language, culture and thought has been a controversial discussion over decades. Many linguists and thinkers have argued that language lead to large differences in culture and thoughts. Some argue that language controls people’s view and thought of the world, where language embodies worldview, and some argue the otherwise. Language, culture and thought may always refer as together, but any one of them implies the other two. In this essay, I am going to focus on linguistic relativism and I will evaluate claims made by linguistic relativists. Linguistic relativism is a weaker interpretation of linguistic determinism. It is â€Å"a window through which to view the cognitive process, not as an absolute. It’s set forth to be used in looking at a phenomenon differently than one usually would. † (Badhesha, 2001) Linguistic categorize and usage influence thought and certain kinds of non-linguistic behavior. Linguistic relativity hypothesis has always been a controversial and serious topic. In late-eighteenth and early nineteenth century, Boas claimed that there’s no intrinsic relationship between culture and language. (Boas, 1911) Acquainted with Boas, Edward Sapir was impressed with Boas’ statement. Later, he proposed a theory which becomes the most famous attempt in demonstrating relationship between language, culture and thoughts, â€Å"Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis† (Whorfian Hypothesis). The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis can be broken into two simple concepts: Linguistic Determinism and Linguistic Relativism. Linguistic determinism holds a stronger view. It refers to â€Å"the concept that what is said has only some effect on how concepts are recognized by the mind†, â€Å"A strict view that what is said is directly responsible for what is seen by the mind. † (Badhesha, 2002) This stronger point is supported by Sapir. Sapir: â€Å"language and culture are not intrinsically associated† but â€Å"language and our thought-grooves are inextricably interwoven, [and] are, in a sense, one and the same† (1921: 228, 232) Sapir believes that language and culture are not explicitly related but language, culture and thoughts are interwoven that cannot be unwoven each other. Sapir also expressed his view that language affects how we perceive the world, â€Å"Even comparatively simple acts of perception are very much more at the mercy of the social patterns called words than we might suppose. †¦ We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. † (1929, p. 210) Sapir here explained that language determines our thoughts and culture, it affects our views of the world and culture is a product of language. Sapir’s student, Benjamin Lee Whorf supported and made his theory stronger. Whorf’s claims are both to the extreme, strongest but to the weaker and more cautious at the same time. The extreme perspective is linguistic determinism, where the weaker is linguistic relativism. In fact, linguistic relativism is widely spread through Whorf’s work. Whorf: â€Å"The background linguistic system of each language is not merely a reproducing instrument for voicing ideas but rather is itself the shaper of ideas. † (1940, â€Å"Science and Linguistics,† Technology Review 42: 229-31, 247-8) In this quote, Whorf proposed the stronger form where language determines thought, language shapes our ideas. â€Å"The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which have to be organized largely by the linguistic systems in our minds. † (Whorf, 1940a:231) This is a weaker form where Whorf argue that the world is somehow under the influence of our linguistic systems. Both in stronger and weaker form, Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis argue that our thoughts, ideas, behavior and culture are under the influence of language. This hypothesis is supported with evidence. Perception of colors is one of the obvious evidence that support language influences our thoughts. Different languages has their way to encode and categorize colors, in English, there are sixteen basic colors and common two color terms â€Å"dark† and â€Å"light†. However, Russian has different words to distinguish light blue (boluboy) and dark blue (siniy). When Russian and English speakers are put to a test to discriminate the two blue colors, Russian is found to be better at it. As Russian perceive the two blue colors as different colors unlike English speakers who categorize it as blue generally. In both English and Chinese, when giving directions verbally, we tend to use â€Å"left† and â€Å"right† instead of E/W/S/N, this is also true in many other languages. However, Kuuk Thaayorra (aboriginal language spoken in Queensland, Australia), they use E/W/S/N to represent â€Å"left† and â€Å"right†, e. g. when they refer to right hand, they may say east hand. Their perception of the world differs from us due to the use of direction terms. To them, the world needs to include precise orientations. This is an example of perception of space which display language affects our perceptions and thoughts. Grammatical feature is another proof of language affects our culture. Whorf asserts that â€Å"users of markedly different grammars are pointed by their grammar towards different types of observations†¦ and hence are not equivalent as observers but must arrive at somewhat different views of the world† (Whorf 1940b:61) Whorf suggested that speakers of different languages will think about the world differently. Hopi language (aboriginal language spoken in Arizona) is early evidence to Whorfian Hypothesis on language and thought. In Hopi language system, they don’t have tenses such as –ed, -ing, -s in SAE [1], they have different perspective of time from SAE speakers. Also, in Hopi, the concept of time cannot be counted and talked like a physical quantity. Language also affects and reflects our culture and values. In Hong Kong, we refer to relatives in different terms, not only â€Å"aunt/uncle†, â€Å"cousins† unlike English. For example, we have different terms for cousins that are older and younger than us, e. g. â€Å"biu-gor† (older male cousin), â€Å"biu-mui† (younger female cousin). It reflects the hierarchy and projects the importance of respecting senior in Chinese family. We can see that Chinese family, including families in Hong Kong divides and identifies its members. For Chinese people, they perceive seniors as people to respect. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is the idea that the language that person speaks will affect their perception of the world and accordingly their behavior and culture. In stronger form, language determines the way we think and what we are capable to think of where as linguistic relativity; the weaker form indicates that our thoughts and culture are under the influence of language. Although there are more and more scientific and real life examples that support Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, anthropologists and linguists still argues weather the hypothesis is too strong or not today. Many argue that instead of language determining our thoughts and culture, they are in fact inter-related and none of them should be dominating the other two. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis has received criticism over the years, and it summed up to be three main criticisms, the idea of causality, the methods and translations. While Whorf and Sapir claimed that language affects our perception of the world and the formation of our cultures. Both of them didn’t include the evolution of language, what made up our language, the cultural values that may have been included while setting language system. It is possible that cultural values that might have developed language helped the way we perceive the world. Humboldt (late 18th century) also questioned Sapir-Whorf’s hypothesis, â€Å"The spiritual traits and the structure of the language of a people are so intimately blended that, given either of the two, one should be able to derive the other from it†¦ language is their spirit, and their spirit is their language; it is difficult to imagine any two things more identical. † He also questioned the causality of such hypothesis. Whether if language is the spirit of thoughts and culture or the otherwise. He claims that it is uncertain which one should be derives and to be the spirit of the others. Another obvious criticism is the methods Whorf’s methods. Some believed that Whorf deliberately translated Hopi language in a certain way to support his own hypothesis, to emphasis another thinking system. Linguists, Steven Pinker accused Whorf’s method with strong attitude, â€Å"No one is really sure how Whorf came up with his outlandish claims, but his limited, badly analyzed sample of Hopi speech and his long-term leanings towards mysticism must have helped. † (Pinker, 1994) He also overthrown Whorf’s claim of Hopi people has different perception of time as â€Å"anthropologist Malotki (1983) has found that the Hopi do have a concept of time very similar to ours. † (Neil Parr-Davies, 2001) Translation is another criticism of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. Many critics raised the question, if our thoughts are really affected and determined by language, then presumably certain concepts would only be understandable to people that shared the same language. That suggested that if the hypothesis is entirely true, Whorf would have been failed to understand Hopi people’s concept, needless to say even to understand their first thought. Although criticisms are raised against Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, there are more evidence and claims that support it even in modern days. In fact, psycholinguistic have been studying far beyond perception of color and Hopi language currently, it has been studying and discovering more evidence in modern days such as emotion perception, memory etc. Modern famous researchers like Lera Boroditsky, John A. Lucy believe in Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, that language indeed influences thoughts, however in relatively narrow ways. I agree the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis to a large extent. I believe language does influence our thoughts and perceptions of the world. Recently, I have been studying different accents in the world and discovered that it is evidence supporting the linguistic relativists. For example, if someone speaks English in BBC accents or Queen’s English, we would immediately refer them coming from higher social status in Britain. Indeed, our perception can be easily affected by the trivial elements in language as accents. Even nowadays, there are more and more evidence that prove linguistic relativists; we cannot deny the fact that language does somehow shape our daily thoughts and life. Language changes the way we see different culture, it can reflect a certain culture and background of people. Taking Soviet Ukraine as an example, as the prices and supply of product was centrally controlled, they were very cheap and hard to find, and instead of saying â€Å"What are they selling? † they ask, â€Å"Shcho dajut? †(What are they giving? ). Through the language, we can see the cultural values and background of a country, allowing us to understand and perceive different cultures. Nonetheless, I disagree to a small extent as I believe, on one hand, language may shape our thoughts and culture; on the other hand, our culture and thoughts also shape language. Language may act as a tool merely reflecting our thoughts and culture. Under patriarchy and stereotyping, many European countries referred male as a stronger, rational and more dynamic member of the society while female were emotional, silent and subtle one. Leading European languages like French, Spanish are some examples that reflect social stereotyping under patriarchal influence. In French, almost all sport and daylight activities are referred as male, â€Å"le soleil† (the sun) while almost all night time activities are referred as female, â€Å"la lune† (the moon). Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is a powerful and leading linguistic theory that suggests the relationship between language, culture and thoughts. It can be interpreted as linguistic determinism and relativism; it remains arguable and controversial whether this hypothesis is too strong. Much evidence arises even until today supporting the hypothesis. It is inevitable that every hypothesis receives criticism, but I truly believe the reason why Whorfianism is still being studied today is because we can never deny the influence of language on our thoughts and culture. Language may not be the one the strongly defines our perception and values, but it does affects us in our everyday life.

Three Gorges Dam Brochure Essay Example for Free

Three Gorges Dam Brochure Essay In his book â€Å"The International Development of China† in 1919. In it he wrote that a dam that could manage to produce 30 million horsepower (22,371 V) worth of electricity was conceivable downstream the Three Gorges Mountains. The River on which it would be built was the Yangtze River is the third largest river in the world at 3,837 Miles long, behind the Nile and Amazon Rivers. In 1932 the nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-Shek began the first round of work on the Three Gorges Dam. In 1939, the Japanese forces took control over Yichang and occupied. With the fear of the Japanese advance a designed entitled the â€Å"Otani Plan† was completed. Sun Yat-Sen The dam’s construction was stalled until 1944 when the chief designer of the United States Bureau of Reclamation John L. Savage scouted the area and devised a scheme for what they called the â€Å"Yangtze River Project†. As a result 54 Chinese engineers went to the United States for training in 1944. A lot of economic, survey and environmental study was taken out in the following years concerning the construction of the Three Gorges Dam. In 1947 however at the height of the Chinese Civil War work was once again abandoned at the site. Sun Yat-Sen’s Book A painted depiction of the Chinese Civil War John L. Savage of the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation The Communist Victory In 1949 the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Mao Zedong won the Chinese Civil War against the Kuomintang Emblem of the (CPC) Mao Zedong (Chinese Nationalist Party). Mao supported the project of the Three Gorges Dam but preferred beginning with the Gezhouba Dam project first. Mao’s introduction of China’s â€Å"Great Leap Forward†, and the Cultural Revolution greatly hampered the progress of the construction of the Three Gorges Dam once again. The Great Leap Forward The Great Leap Forward was a major program undertaken by the People’s Republic of China between 1958 and 1961which consisted of both economic and social campaigns. The plan had many objectives. To begin with, it plotted to use China’s enormous population to move from an agricultural economy to a modern Communist civilization through the collectivization of the farming industry and a hasty process of industrialization. The campaign was based on a hypothesis known as the Theory of the Productive Forces. Reforms included the mandatory process of collectivization (farming being taken out as a joint venture by the people) and the banning of private farming. This policy was enforced on the rural people through social pressure. Propaganda Posters that were popularly displayed all over China during the â€Å"Great Leap Forward† Era. They display a picture of Success and progress contrary to the true results (1958-1961). Mao was informed beforehand of the ominous possibility of a disaster due to grain shortages but instead sped up the campaign. This would prove to be a great disaster and lead to the Great Chinese Famine, eventually more than 15 million and possibly 26 million people would die of starvation between 1959 and 1961. The â€Å"Great Leap Forward† was officially abandoned in late 1961. The Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution was Mao Zedong’s attempt to regain prominence fter his marginalization in early 1962, due to the failure of the â€Å"Great Leap Forward†. The Revolution was a socio-political movement which took place between 1966 and 1976. The goal of the movement was to impose socialism in China through the removal of capitalist, traditional and cultural elements of Chinese society and the impose Maoism within the Propaganda Poster for the Cultural Revolution Communist Party of China. Mao suspected that burgeois elements were infiltrating the Government and Chinese society and were trying to re-establish Capitalism in China. Mao suggested that the only way to remove these elements was through a violent class struggle. The Chinese youth, inspired by Mao’s declaration and ideology formed Red Guard groups across the country. The movement eventually quickly spread into the military, middle-class urban workers and even the Communist leadership itself. People from all walks of life from senior officials to teachers were purged as they were accused of being anti-Socialist. Some officials who were purged would even form China’s next Government and included Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shaoqi. Propaganda Posters during the â€Å"Cultural Revolutionâ€Å" Era. This period consisted of an immense personality cult for Mao and the promotion of his infamous â€Å"Little Red Book† (1966-1976) During the Cultural Revolution Mao’s personality cult grew greatly, often to immense proportions. The Cultural Revolution greatly impacted on China’s economy and social fabric. Persecution became commonplace and millions suffered in the violent struggles that took place across the country. Many abuses were committed including torture, rape, imprisonment, harassment and seizure of property. A massive segment of the Chinese population was displaced, either by fear or force. The most notable manner however was when youths were transferred all around the country. Historic monuments and artifacts were destroyed or damaged. Religious and cultural sites were ransacked. After Mao Mao would officially call an end to the campaign in 1969, but it would still continue until 1971. Mao Zedong would die later 5 years later on September 9th, 1976. He left a nation traumatized by his loss but also with hunger, poverty and persecution. Both the â€Å"Great Leap Forward† and the Cultural Revolution greatly hampered the construction of the Three Gorges Dam. Both these campaigns would have a long lasting effect on China and diverted much attention away from it’s construction, to more pressing domestic concerns. Back in 1956 however, Mao Zedong, as a response to floods on the Yangtze two years earlier, had written and published a poem which he called â€Å"swimming†. In the poem he described his interest in a dam on the Yangtze River. In the summer of 1957 Mao Zedong initiated the Hundred Flowers Campaign. The Campaign consisted of letting other ideas and solutions â€Å"bloom† in a burst of free speech to the Chinese people. However this campaign was short lived and lasted barely six weeks. Many engineers however during this time had spoken out against the idea of building a dam, but were subsequently imprisoned after the campaign ended. A Propoganda Poster for the â€Å"One Hundred Flowers Camapign, 1957. Top: Mao’s â€Å"Swimmingâ€Å" Poem Mao Zedong in his Mausoleum Bottom Right:Time Magazine’s issue for Mao’s Death,1976. The Comeback The Three Gorges Dam reappeared as a topic in the 1980’s. The National People’s Congress (NPC), the highest and only legislative structure in China, voted in 1992 in favor of the dam. Out of a total of 2,633 delegates, 1,767 voted in support of the dam, while 177 voted against, a further 664 forfeited the vote and 25 abstained. On December 14th, 1994 the dam’s construction began. The initial date that was expected for completion and full operation was mid 2009, however the many other components of the dam including the underground power plant to process the energy produced is expected to delay the date of completion and operation to 2011. The Ship lift area of the dam is predicted to be completed by the year 2014. The Hall Where the Construction for the Dam was approved in The Great Hall of the people, the meeting place for the NPC Map marking the location of the Three Gorges Dam Panorama of the Three Gorges Dam The Three Gorges Dam Specifications The Three Gorges Dam is made primarily of concrete   and is 2,335  m (7,661  ft) long, with the level of the dam being 185 metres (607  ft) above sea level. The Three Gorges Dam used 27,200,000 cubic metres (35,600,000 cu  yd) of concrete, 463,000  tonnes  of steel, and moved about 102,600,000 cubic metres (134,200,000 cu yd) of earth. The reservoir the dam has created is about 660 kilometres (410  mi) in length and 1. 2 kilometres (0. 70  mi) in width. It contains 39. 3  km3  (31,900,000 acre/feet) of water and has a total surface area of 1,045  km?. On completion, the reservoir flooded a total area of 632  km? of land. Power Generating Capacity The Three Gorges Dam is by far the world’s largest Hydroelectric dam. It boasts 29 700 MW turbines and a total capacity of 20,300 MW. By the time of completion it will have 32 generators with a 50 MW power generating capacity each, which will make for a grand total of 22,500 MW. The annual total amount of electricity production is anticipated to be well over 100 TWh’s. The Three Gorges Dam was constructed for five main reasons. First of all because of China’s ever ballooning population, the Chinese Authorities, with rising demand, simply needed a project that would provide electricity to cope with increased requiremets. Secondly, the Yangtze River was notorious for it’s floods which are thought to have killed more than 1 million people. The Yangtze also ran along major Chinese cities like Wuhan, Shanghai, and Chonqing. Because of this the Chinese needed a means to tame the river and control its behavior. Thirdly, the reservoir that the dam would create could provide the precedent to build an efficient irrigation system for the farms in the area. Fourthly, the area of Hubei province, where the dam was built, needed a water treating facility to cope with increased demand for freshwater. Finally the Yangtze River needed a ship dock to deal with the increased ship traffic.

A Study On HNC Social Care Social Policy Essay

A Study On HNC Social Care Social Policy Essay Values are standards and principals by which we live our lives. These standards are many and often depend on people`s background e.g. Culture, class, religion, gender, age. Values are extremely individual attitudes that direct people`s responses to the world around them. Amongst some of the values I live my life by and respect are privacy allowing me to have space to myself and respecting the fact that others may desire privacy, to be safe and also allowing others the same, having self respect, being trustworthy, being non judgmental, being anti discriminatory, respect life and faith, value freedom and equality, value choice and others points of view. I have learned to live my life this way from my parents and their families. The schools and church where I was taught , espoused the values of  Ã‚   human dignity, solidarity for the common good , charity , and the family,   all of   which I continue to hold dear. I therefore try to ensure that I treat people the way I would like to be treated. Because of these values, I am able to work happily alongside the organization I volunteer for, as their policies and procedures represent many of these common values. We ensure the right to dignity, choice, respect, privacy, and protection. I must consider my clients beliefs and preferences. I currently volunteer as a Befriender for a group that helps adults with learning disabilities become included within the community through socialization, by matching Befriendees with supportive Befrienders. I, as a volunteer for this organization, provide their service participants with the opportunity to take a full and satisfying part in their community. I also help to raise awareness of issues affecting adults with learning difficulties in community participation. I did this in a major way by participating in the collection and presentation of our petition to the Scottish Parliament to request that Befriending is to be financed with core funding. Although Befriending, to help social inclusion was briefly mentioned as a means of supporting adults with learning disabilities in â€Å"Same as you Strategy†2000, this article has never been defined by the government as a core service to be provided by councils. As a result, Befriending for Adults with Learning Disabilities has rarely been financed or delivered by statutory services. However, the social work department is the main means of referral to our organization and so for the moment receive this service free, financed by charitable donations. I feel this is a form of statutory discrimination against our client group and hope our petition resolves this situation. This petition has received a positive reaction from the petitions committee and is still going through the committee processe s. The core values of our organisation are underpinned by the National Care Standards, which were set up under the Regulation of Care (Scotland)Act 2001. This Act came about to regulate the care and social work force and set out the principals of good care practice. The Care Commission was set up under this Act to register, regulate, and inspect all care services listed in the Act. It also established The Scottish Social Services Council (SSSC). The SSSC has aims and objectives to protect the service users, raise standards, strengthen, and support workforce professionalism. There are six main standards laid down in National Care Standards that are at the centre of any care practice. Dignity â€Å"making someone feel worthy and impressive† as defined in the Oxford English Dictionary. I ensure that I give dignity by respecting individuals for who they are. I recognise all individuals are different and I am sensitive and aware of this. Privacy and confidentiality is the need and right to privacy. The principle of confidentiality between me and the service user is built on mutual respect and trust. Confidentiality is further reinforced by the Data Protection Act 1998. This allows our service users to see any information that is held on them. I must ensure that this information is held securely in a locked filing cabinet. Any information I write in an activity plan must be truthful, factual, and accurate with my opinions to be objective. Choice means giving and explaining different options to individuals. I support our service users by encouraging their right to choose. By offering they limited options that will encourage them to look at positive alternatives within a safe environment. Safety means that I must ensure my service user when in my care, is protected from harm and abuse. If I suspect or observe that harm and abuse has or is taking place, against a service user, I must report the incident in an Incident Report   Form within 36 hrs of the episode to my line manager. I also complete a risk assessment form before any activity. Realising Potential ensures that I must allow my service users the chance to aim to achieve things great and small within their abilities. These core values are represented within our organisations policies and procedures. To ensure client safety we have a Health and Safety Policywhich is designed to comply with the Health and Safety at work Act 1974. Risk Assessments are used on a daily basis before an activity to ensure that the staff and clients are safe on the premises. We also have Accident and Incident Reporting procedures which are required under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases, and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation 1995(RIDDOR), Social Security Regulations 1979 (SRR),Data Protection Act, to be reportedin an efficient manner. I must complete relevant forms and report to my line manager. If an event requires reporting directly to RIDDOR the records should be kept securely for at least three years. Our Equalities policy complies with the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and 1986, the Race Relations Act of 1976 and the Race Relation Amendments Regulations of 2003, the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. Our organization opposes all forms of unfair and unlawful discrimination on the grounds of colour, race, religion, nationality, social background, gender, sexual orientation, marital status, age and disability. It also promotes the principle of equal opportunities in paid employment, voluntary work, and service provision. Although it is important to apply positive values within my practice, it is sometimes difficult to do so. Giving someone choice needs to be balanced by ensuring that this choice is safe and positive. Giving Adults with Learning Disabilities too many choices can cause confusion and sometimes fear. So I give limited positive choices to ensure that this does not happen. Safety issues can also limit choices, as under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and National Care Standards it is important that I ensure my client is safe from harm and abuse. If a risk assessment shows that an activity is not suitable to the client because of safety issues then the choice of doing that particular activity is reduced. The values conflicting here are my clients health and safety and his right to choice. Privacy and confidentiality is dealt with in our Confidentiality policy. Our organization requires information about clients, volunteers, staff other organizations and our own organization. I am therefore committed to ensuring that all information is stored safely which also allows appropriate retrieval. Confidential material must be kept in a locked cabinet. Volunteers are only able to see files â€Å"on a need to know basis only†. Computer access is limited to authorized staff and information backed up. All of these policies are compatible with the Data Protection Act 1998.If a client discloses something to me and asks me not to tell anyone then I must respect his/her wishes as a matter of trust. However, sometimes this can be difficult, especially if abuse is disclosed. Under these circumstances I am obliged to tell him/her that I understand his/her need for confidentiality, but the circumstances require me to advise my line manager in writing and that this will be in his/her best interests and to try not to worry. The values conflicting here are protection from harm and abuse and confidentiality. As we do not supply a care service, we are not required to regi ster with the Care Commission, but we ensure all our policies and procedures meet their standards. As all clients under these standards are legally allowed an individualized care plan, we instead have an activity plan. To ensure no discrimination takes place the client is assessed using (Ref1)PIES.   We take into account, our clients Physical needs, Intellectual needs, Emotional needs, and Social needs. Needs were first described as requirements for our survival in the model put forward by (Ref 2) Abraham Maslow, a Humanist Psychologist. He stated that human needs can be arranged in a stepladder pyramid and that the lower level needs must be satisfied before higher levels can be met. Starting from the basic psychological need , then moving to safety and security, social, esteem, and self- actualization. He suggested that not satisfying these needs the person could become frustrated and emotionally distressed, with possibly poverty and crisis taking place. He also suggested that these needs must be met in order.  Ã‚   Prejudice as (Ref3) defined in the Collins dictionary â€Å"is an unreasonable dislike of a particular group of people or things, or a preference for a one group of people or things over another†. Prejudice is caused by a lack of understanding of something, causing the wrong impression to be created. (Ref4)The Functionalist perspectives state that society can be likened to the human body, with different organs (institutions) having different functions yet all working together to keep the body (society) alive. The negative aspects of discrimination according to the functionalists state that it exacerbates poverty and crime, that society fails to use the resources of all individuals, discourages good will, and discourage the resolution of disputes. These negative aspects can provide jobs by having to employ police officers, justice system, and civil servants. Although not to be encouraged, the functionalists state that the positive aspects of prejudice keep people in their prope r place within society and discourage them from questioning their place within society. The functionalists believe that it is normal for one group to be superior to the other, that society is unequal and competition within society is natural. Discrimination happens when one group does not want to have another group change their set roles. Changes in the economy can see prejudice affecting those in poverty because other groups may feel that the benefit system budget is being abused by those who are out of work. Prejudice can be seen in my client group, which has a definite need of the benefit system. Working with people with learning disabilities has shown me that prejudice arises amongst some of the local community. This is a small section of the community pre- judging those with learning disabilities through lack of knowledge and so they hold unfavourable views or opinions towards people who are different and so bullying can take place. Adults with learning disabilities are a section of society that tends not to be able to stand up for themselves. They rely on family, social workers, advocacy workers, and support workers to advise them on their rights, choices, and responsibilities. Unfortunately, through no fault of their own, some sections of this community may not receive this relevant information. They do not receive the care, benefits, and advice that they need, or they do not receive the statutory services they deserve. This can be caused by certain people denying our client group their rights and so discriminate against them. Harassment, bullying, and hate crimes of those with learning disabilities takes place in many areas. The recent death of a mother and daughter burned to death in England after numerous threats and harassment is an excessive example and result of discrimination. Discrimination takes place through fear, misunderstanding, misinformation, and so as well as laws against discrimination, we need to educate and provide training against it. To try to ensure that the incident that took place does not happen in our community, our organization is involved in providing a training service to the community. I have taken part in training to try to educate youths from the local secondary school about Learning Disabilities. This resulted in them becoming peer volunteers to younger children with Learning Disabilities from the local school for autistic children. A music group was set up to bring these two groups of youngsters together, with positive results. (Ref 5) Adults with Learning Disabilities are more likely to develop health problems. Therefore, without support, they may not be able to make their feelings known and so screening and or treatment may be denied. The need for support to allow them to lead as normal a life as their abilities allow and to access services, has a financial cost to society. The belief that people with learning disabilities, are a financial burden to society, and not providing relevant support is evidence of discrimination.Their ill health has my client group adults with learning disabilities relying on benefits. Therefore, being able to afford the use of transport and taking part in social activities are reduced for those who are on benefits. This is more evident in those with learning disabilities in rural areas. They are socially excluded and marginalized, through the lack of affordable and regular transport services. The chances of employment for this group of individuals are rare as most do not have the capacity to engage in work and so they will continue to live on benefits. Psychologically that can result in depression, low self- esteem, frustration, or anger. Causing their behaviour to be affected, by them becoming withdrawn or violent. Through legislation, social care organizations now have to be more accountable and have increasing responsibilities to write and maintain policy and procedures. These have to comply with current legislation and exist to protect people`s rights and ensure quality services are provided. Our policies and procedures must have specific guidelines, for example, they cover confidentiality and privacy, equal opportunities, health and safety, abuse policies, lone working practices, activity planning and reviews and risk assessment and management. I have a responsibility to read the organizations policy and procedures thoroughly and integrate them into my practice. I should query any uncertainties and report any infringements. If I am uneasy about the practice of others within the organization or within any other agency I come into contact with, I must report to my line manager and seek advice. My manager has a responsibility to produce these policies and procedures ensuring they incorporate current legislation. Management ensures that staff and service users have easy access to them. Discussion and reflection of policies and procedures to ensure they are justified and explained to staff is encouraged. I receive continued training, support, and supervision and engage in partnership working with relevant agencies. References. 1. Elizabeth Bingham +. (2009). Social Care: Group Award Graded Unit. In: Heinemann HNC in Social Care. Edinburgh: Heinemann. 147. 2. Elizabeth Bingham +. (2009). Psychological perspectives and Theories on development and needs. In: Heinemann HNC in Social Care. Edinburgh: Heinemann. 86-89. 3. http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-cobuild/prejudice 4. Eliz Bingham + (2009). HNC in Social Care. Edinburgh: Heinemann. 112 5. http://www.learningdisabilities.org.uk/media/news-releases/newsreleases-2005/14-july-2005/?locale=en

Violence in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

Violence in Literature Mohandas Gandhi once stated these words, "I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary, the evil it does is permanent." The same can be said about many things in life. However, when thought about, few people may consider the violence brought up in literature. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, there are many scenes that illustrate the blind, violent nature that most humans tend to share. Mark Twain has used violence throughout his novel to enhance his beliefs on the injustices of slavery and any other form of senseless violence known to mankind. From the beginning with Pap's continuous abuse towards Huck, till the end with Emmiline Grangerfords poetry, is filled with violent sections that magnify the hypocrisy and stupidity of people. Almost immediately we are introduced to the drunken, deranged man who is Huck?s father, Pap. Pap is an alcoholic who roams from place to place buying up booze and sleeping wherever he can. Huck has never viewed him as a real father figure because Pap has almost never been there for Huck, except when he is ?disciplining? him. Pap is uneducated and disapproves of Huck attending school. Pap tells Huck, "you're educated...You think your're better'n your father, now, don't you, because he can't?" (14) Huck puts up with Pap?s numerous beatings because he does not want to be the cause of any more controversies between himself and Pap. Huck explains, "If I never learnt nothing else out of pap, I learnt that the best way to get along with his kind of people is to let them have their own way" (95). Pap?s addiction to alcohol is how Twain views the affect that alcohol can have on a person. He believes that alcohol is a money waster, can affect the sanity of people, and how it can turn even de cent men into complete scoundrels. Subsequently, Huck continues his journey down the river to another town where he suddenly finds himself staying with the Grangerfords. Huck soon befriends a boy named Buck who tells him all about the feud between the Grangerfords and the Shepherdsons. Both have been fighting for over 30 years but neither of them know exactly why they are battling each other. Buck explains, ??but they don?t know now what the row was about in the first place?(180). The tribal ware fare of the families is suppressed with religion.

Insomnia Essay -- essays research papers

INTRODUCTION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stephen King’s Number One Best-Seller, Insomnia, is a book about an elderly man named Ralph Roberts who begins to suffer from early waking. This form of insomnia grows into a terrible problem for Ralph as he begins to awaken earlier and earlier each morning. People begin to comment about his health and sickly appearance. Many take it upon themselves to recommend old-fashioned home remedies that aren’t supposed to fail. Ralph attempted everything from staying up all night (much to his dismay, he found himself growing more and more awake as the early morning hours passed) to sucking on honeycomb. None of the-tried-and true remedies work and by the time Ralph is getting only about an hour of sleep each night, Ralph begins to see auras around people. Naturally, Ralph begins to think that he is becoming senile because of his old age of 70, even one of his best friends tells him that he has lost it. When Ralph meets two little men from another realm of consciousness and they reveal that they caused him to lose sleep. They explained to him that losing sleep enable him to see the auras that he had begun to see, he is quite relieved to find that he isn‘t insane. This story progresses to its climax in which Ralph must take on a man who is unknowingly helping the king of the dark side, known as the Random in this thriller, kill two thousand people. There is a little boy amongst these people who will save two men in the future, these men are destined to help the light side, known as the Purpose. During the fight, Ralph takes on the king of the Random himself and wins. This saves the little boy and according to the two little men, the universe is balanced once again. As promised by the two little otherworldly men, life returns to normal for Ralph and he can once again sleep.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What happened to Ralph in this work is a very imaginative look at what happens to a person suffering from insomnia. In scientific reports, there isn’t evidence of the patient seeing auras, being capable of rising to other levels of consciousness at will, or even entering levels which make them invisible to the human eye, as Ralph did in the book. Sufferers of insomnia in the real world will experience difficulties such as: da... ...oncentration; stress, anxiety, irritability, sleepiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This loss of sleep comes in many different flavours such as difficulty falling asleep, not having a problem falling asleep but a problem staying asleep (many awakenings), and waking up too early. This can lead to many problems in a person’s life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of the three forms of insomnia, chronic insomnia is the most serious and can last for a month or longer. This form is usually more complex and may be caused by a number of factors, including underlying physical or mental disorders. One of the most common causes of chronic insomnia is depression. Physical causes include arthritis and sleep apnea. Other causes are related to behaviors such as the misuse of caffeine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Insomnia can be cured with proper treatments. Popular treatments for this difficulty sleeping include relaxation therapy and reconditioning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though insomnia may be glamorized by some authors, this problem is nothing to fantasize about, it is a serious problem if it is chronic and should be attended to if it lasts as long as a month.

Chemestry Assessed Practical :: Papers

Chemestry Assessed Practical Variables: The variables for this practical are: 1. The metal that it used- magnesium, copper or iron. 2. The amount of metal that is used- any amount as long as it is divisible by 0.5 grams. 3. The concentration of the solution of the solution- molarity 0.1M or 0.5M. I am going to change the amount of metal. Fair Test: To make this a fair test I must keep everything constant except the variable (the amount of metal). But even the variable must be changed at a consistent rate (going up in 0.5g). Method Apparatus List:  · Copper Sulfate solution (0.5M).  · Powdered magnesium (15g in total).  · 2x Beaker.  · Measuring cylinder.  · Safety goggles. Measurements: I am going to use 50cm ³ of copper sulfate and then us the following measurements of powdered magnesium 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g, and 2.5g. =================================================================== Safety: I will wear safety goggles throughout the experiment, I will be careful when I pour the solution and when I am shaking it I will shake it gently. Equations: [IMAGE]Magnesium + Copper Magnesium + Copper Sulfate Sulfate [IMAGE]Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu Method: I will measure out 50cm ³ of copper sulfate solution (0.5M) in a measuring cylinder then add it to a polystyrene cup, as polystyrene is a bad conductor of heat. Before I add the magnesium I will wait until the copper sulfate solution is at a consistent temperature and take and record the start temperature. I will then add the desired amount of magnesium (as it already weighed out for me) to the copper sulfate solution. I will observe what happens and measure the temperature change from the start to 1 minute and to 2 minutes. I will repeat this twice and then work out an average temperature change for each separate amount of powdered magnesium. If I get a result that is completely different to the other one then I will record this as a Chemestry Assessed Practical :: Papers Chemestry Assessed Practical Variables: The variables for this practical are: 1. The metal that it used- magnesium, copper or iron. 2. The amount of metal that is used- any amount as long as it is divisible by 0.5 grams. 3. The concentration of the solution of the solution- molarity 0.1M or 0.5M. I am going to change the amount of metal. Fair Test: To make this a fair test I must keep everything constant except the variable (the amount of metal). But even the variable must be changed at a consistent rate (going up in 0.5g). Method Apparatus List:  · Copper Sulfate solution (0.5M).  · Powdered magnesium (15g in total).  · 2x Beaker.  · Measuring cylinder.  · Safety goggles. Measurements: I am going to use 50cm ³ of copper sulfate and then us the following measurements of powdered magnesium 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g, and 2.5g. =================================================================== Safety: I will wear safety goggles throughout the experiment, I will be careful when I pour the solution and when I am shaking it I will shake it gently. Equations: [IMAGE]Magnesium + Copper Magnesium + Copper Sulfate Sulfate [IMAGE]Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu Method: I will measure out 50cm ³ of copper sulfate solution (0.5M) in a measuring cylinder then add it to a polystyrene cup, as polystyrene is a bad conductor of heat. Before I add the magnesium I will wait until the copper sulfate solution is at a consistent temperature and take and record the start temperature. I will then add the desired amount of magnesium (as it already weighed out for me) to the copper sulfate solution. I will observe what happens and measure the temperature change from the start to 1 minute and to 2 minutes. I will repeat this twice and then work out an average temperature change for each separate amount of powdered magnesium. If I get a result that is completely different to the other one then I will record this as a

Prostitution: Brothel and Strong Religion Essay

Social effects that usually happens to individuals is that individuals will continue to be involved with symptoms of brothels. Future individuals will be destroyed by evil issues. Among them are regarded by society despised around. Usually prostitutes will be isolated when not whore himself due to age, health and others. In the family, the prostitutes will be sorted from the lives of family members with normal. This is because family members can not receive part of the family of prostitutes and it can be embarrassing if erudition by family contacts and the general public. This contempt because prostitutes regarded by the community east of specific communities that have a strong religion. This has been proven when a child in a family in Kuala Lumpur recently been removed because at the time the young mother, her mother has been in the brothels. This is shown family members wanted the family name clean from prostitution. In society, the prostitutes are considered as a polluting pariah image of a place. For example, around Jalan Haji Taib is known for prostitution since the first again. In addition, the number of cases to remove children is increasing. Some people do not give the family past by the road and they approach the area although other aims. Name the country will also be contaminated and will be the focus of the public. National social problems will continue to increase with many activities because prostitution happens this will lead to symptoms such as rape, murder and so forth. This can worsen the situation. In the economic system, the effects of prostitution can bring good and bad. for example, in Malaysia adverse effects arising from prostitution area is known for prostitution will not be visited by the family customers. This is because parents do not want their children near the area of prostitution. In addition, the area will be filled with prostitute- prostitute and the customer waiting area into the cause of black people who have a strong religion. Malaysia in the area if possible will always be a concern for the authorities and led to fewer young customers do business there. government also had to spend some money to treat the diseases caused by HIV prostitution directly or indirectly. This case, causing the government provision of education, welfare and others reduced. If countries in Asia other, prostitution is a major source of income. For example, Thailand has made the activity of prostitution as a pull tourists from within and outside the country. This will lead to the establishment of Thailand is famous for its house of prostitution are controlled by the government. People overseas who wish to obtain services to prostitutes to visit Thailand. It also introduces various side effects with other tourism products. Beside that also, prostitution affects the lifestyle of poor communities. For example, prostitution can cause disease outbreaks or epidemics of HIV among comumitty. Spread of the disease can spread if individuals who do not follow how to avoid sexual diseases such HIV. A person who has been infected with HIV have to produce more spending to treat this disease. Fitness level of people who are infected this will result in decreased productivity and produced no worthwhile and less quality. For example, individuals who are infected with HIV do not work with the spirit and focus on something jobs will be lost.

Complying with International Accounting Standards

Title Contrast and comp atomic number 18 the mode and footing upon which Nike potbelly studies on outside(prenominal) bullion deductions in footings of IAS 21 and tot completelyy early(a) relevant IAS IFAS ordinances. In the particular if the connection reports harmonizing to external criterions, discourse the deductions in relation to the criterions applied in the cornerstone state of the potty.IntroductionGlobally, at that perspective be double of give-and-take report criterions, most of all, devil primary chronicle criterions be transnational report Standards implemented by the multinational invoice Standards Board ( IASB ) and the broadly true score Practice of the the States, which is implemented by the fiscal write up system Standards Board ( FASB ) . story Standards ar sic of account statement regulations that modulate the manner in how the histories ( monetary logical arguments ) of a lot is displayedAt an planetary ground level, it is the indebtedness of The exotic Federation of Accountants ( IFAC ) to regularize accountancy organic structures in regard of congruity with business relationship criterions. The aim of the federation is to drive and heighten world-wide explanation profession with concordant standards1 and integ graded coordination within the profession. Where a concern has an internationalistic dimension, it mustiness bond and quest for with the international bill criterions.In add-on, residency with IAS allow for help international concerns and international investors to furnish the relevant score selective informationrmation of the internationally trading concern. For illustration, to logical argument a Gallic high society with an Australian caller it is needed for each family to expose their accounting information in an suitably comparable method.DEFINITION OF IASIAS admit a skeletal frame of criterions, each criterions transactions with consort accounting resolutions associating to communication channeled minutess and new(prenominal) minutess that do non h darkened a domestic dowry and therefore charge up to be regulate at an international degree. world(prenominal) Accounting Standard 21 is used for the prescription of the standard signifier of including foreign up-to-dateness minutess and foreign operations in the companys monetary financial statement. Additionally, it prescribes the interlingual rendition of pecuniary statements into a founding gold. The troubles underscoring this die hard argon buzz offing the employment of an qualify rate and the describing the pitchs of alterations in ex transmit range in the pecuniary statements.Following atomic number 18 some of the carmine accounting voice communication used under IAS 21.8Functional coin/measurement specieis the bills of the primary stinting environment in the legitimate manor hall of companys operation.Presentation funds is the property in which pecu niary statements ar presented. change difference is the difference ensue from a transition of cert personal units of a one currency into an opposite(a) currency at a incongruous exchange rate.Foreign operation relates to the activities that are design in anformer(a) state other than the reportage travail this include a subordinate of the parent company, associate, joint menace or a subdivision.The measuring and presentation of financial statements under IAS 21 was superseded by IAS 21 ( revised 2003 ) this alteration is the effect of the effects of alterations in Foreign supervene upon Rates. This was effectual on one-year fiscal periods get downing on or after 1stJanuary 2005.ISA 17 requires that revenue sweetener related issues must be compiled in fiscal histories in ossification with the IAS by exposing as inflexibles taken on rentals on the sense of equilibrium rag week 2. at a lower fundament IAS 29.39 ( B ) and 40 commodes are under duty to station the use of methodological analysis in utilize IAS 29 as a revelation policy of the accounting criterions 3.ISA 39 is used for the measurement and valuing assets and fiscal liabilities that in foreign currency. ISA 21 concerns the exchange grade in change everyplaceing foreign currency fiscal assets and liabilities into national currency by utilizing the end-month exchange currency rate 4.pertinence OF IAS transnational Accounting Standards are set of elaborate list of regulations prepared for comptrollers and companies for the congruity in the production of accounting statements.International Accounting Standards Board ( IASB ) under ( local anaestheticise 30.7-14 ) permits some endeavors in other states in a hyperinflationary environment like the the States to utilize regular army dollar other than utilizing the measurement currency. In the compositors case that a mickle applies this allowance, the throne must warranty that impacts of hyperinflation are suitably addressed ( ISA 21.36 ) 5. However, must follow the right process by repeating the local-currency IFRS fiscal statements to the mensurating unit authoritative at the isotropy sheet daylight of the month IAS29.7-8 SIC-19.5-9 , so, utilizing the year-end exchange rate, to interpret the fiscal statements into the stable currency for all periods presented.SIC 19 articulated that the commissariats for fiscal information must be useable to glitter the pecuniary kernel of the cardinal events and fortunes that are relevant to that company. Furthermore, the use of currency to mensurate points in the fiscal statement must be tailored to confer information sing the company. The measuring of foreign currency points must be handle as foreign currency in the fiscal statement and the construing of fiscal statement. Inevitably, there are no commissariats under the International Accounting Standard 19 for corporation to randomly take to accommodate step for the bout away of repeating fiscal statements that are treated in the currency of a hyperinflationary economy .Hyperinflationary frugal establishment has the undermentioned component the accretion of non- frugalal assets in a stable foreign currency the look of well stable foreign currency is known as a financial sum, these being capital severes, rewards and rent. terms index interconnects to pricing, pay of workers and the involvement rates. Under IAS 29.3 ( a ) ( vitamin E ) the cumulative follow increase prices rate over three old ages will near or flush off 100 % . Finally, the pricing of recognition rude revenues are measured in a manner that compensates for the awaited loss of dickering function during the recognition period.As an illustration, lets assume that a British company as a step of its points in the fiscal statement uses the British lb as an allow for currency under the IAS 21. In add-on, the company restates the comparable fiscal statements under the rule of IAS 29, which the fortunes indicate that the British lb is the currency of hyperinflationary economy . On the contrary, the company is non precluded from change overing the fiscal statements to be presented in Gallic francs.AMERICAN STANDARDSThe Generally Accepted Accounting Practice ( ground forces ) is the accounting criterions that are used with the united States of America to regulate regular army corporations. These criterions are distinctively various from IAS as U.S. accounting criterions have frame rules-based, filled with specific inside informations in an lying-in to turn to as numerous possible eventualities as possible6. consequent to the execution of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in an effort to turn to the job, unavoidable the endorsement to break up the practicableness of a principles-based accounting system. It was reason that, feasibleness of a principles-based attack could reflect minutess at a true economic substance 7.Within the regular army legal power there is a local monopoly for the au thorship of fiscal reporting criterions for usual companies. The statutory authorization over fiscal coverage criterions is vested in the Securities Exchange thrill ( arcsecond ) and the authorship criterions are delegated to the pecuniary Accounting Standards Board ( FASB ) .Most the States based corporation use the Generally Accepted Accounting Practice. In the sign contemplation of criterions, generally accepted accounting principles is principles-based systems that pose troubles, which lam to begin when specific criterions come up for consideration.However, non-adoption of universal criterions of accounting have caused dandy troubles to build the cost and benefits of veritable(prenominal) and agreeable fiscal coverage to get at efficient solutions. In add-on, this has created farawayther jobs for users of fiscal information because of the complexness in sagacity the fiscal statements of abroad corporations.However, there is concrete grounds that image of states u se the the States accounting criterions as a bench mark to manner criterions appropriate for their ain economic system. It is articulated that the Accounting Standards Board ( IASB ) , the FASB and the callable south are the best patterns in the universe. This is the ground environing the States inclination non to accommodate cosmopolitan accounting criterions. In add-on, U.S. permits companies to accommodate to looser By and large Accepted Accounting Principles.In the contrary, the president of the entropy and the FASB and IASB have reached a consensus in 2002 on working unneurotic toward a greater convergence betwixt U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and international accounting criterions.International StandardInternational Accounting Standards are used in fixing fiscal studies. It was the Lisbon Council of europiuman Union ( EU ) to advance a sole, lasting and liquid fiscal grocery store by the version and enforcement of a case-by-case and united set of fisc al coverage criterions. The intent of the ISA was to set up and bear upon woodland criterions for all individuals who used such(prenominal) fiscal information.The acknowledgment of the heightening globalisation made tremendous demands for a reveal and higher quality international accounting criterions. The European Commission favoured the proposals for IAS and challenged the bit finale to disapprove the use of ISA in the the States markets. SEC concerns over the possible borrowing of ISA was in regard of the jobs that may originate by the non-correspondence of histories amongst various corporations may put some companies at a disadvantage with their opposite numbers.CONFLICTING PracticesIn June 2001, the displaying of trade make believes and other sharp-witted belongings on the balance sheet of ground forces based corporations was titivated under the the States GAAP ( Generally Accepted Accounting Practice ) . This was the consequence of a accomplished differentiation in accounting policies of USA GAAP and IFRS the differentiations were in relation to the amortization of smashing will, negative good will and hedge accounting 8. Although, the overruling benefit of using IFRS is comparable to USA based corporations. Once, the users of accounting information such as investors, stockholders and other corporation faced intensive troubles in trying to construe and understand histories of abroad companies due to the use of diverse pecuniary linguistic communication. But the current accounting policies of IFRS purposes to turn to and help in the determination doing procedure of those who are effected by accounting policies and possible investors.Huge figure of corporation are faced with figure of trouble in regard of pickings the right signifier of accounting criterion. Predominantly, sizeable figure of USA companies, autumn into this frame the ground behind this being that USA has its accounting criterions that are non parallel with the internation al accounting criterions.This conflicting factor in the midst of the two accounting patterns render it incompatible for USA companies like Nike to do commissariats fetching to follow with two accounting patterns. However, in accounting pattern this is infeasible and impracticable unless an endeavor compiles two sets of histories that comply with some(prenominal) patterns.To turn to this conflicting domination on numerous investors and others likewise, USA committee is sexual climax to footings with accepting the demand for high quality fiscal coverage model. As the turning insensitiveness in globalization of companies and for the shield of the activities and involvement of investors, loaners and companies, the Commission is heightening its fighting in a figure of forums to set up a universally accept fiscal coverage model 9.However, the SECs supervising and disposal for the paleness of fiscal studies submitted by corporations will go on under the competitory government. A t present, non a great deal revelation on social and environmental issues is required of US companies in contrast to demands emerging in Europe and elsewhere around the universe. However, a spring legal research in 1999 by Williams suggested that the SEC coherently has the authorization to necessitate such revelations. The job being that meagre action has been taken to implement a authorization for societal and environmental revelations by companies in the USA. US companies are neglecting to render on environmental and societal tendencies and events that receive material impact. Consequent to the findings of a research on non-compliance with revelation regulations Sarbanes-Oxley attempted to fall in the rightness of fiscal studies and ethical criterions of companies 10. Problems cost in this country because of too many different criterions, increasing costs of coverage, fright because of Kasky v. Nike, inquiries about materiality, and the fact that confirmation procedure s are immature11.NIKE CORPORATIONNike is one of the top athleticss retails in the universe the companys aim is to make concern with contrast mills that persistently illustrate unanimity with Nikes criterions and that operates in a lawful mode. Nike is the lone company that has created its ain criterions, programmes and activities to place reference and study issues of abidance in contract mills to tending find development.Presently, there are no industry-accepted indexs for mensurating hobby(a)s world presentation. Neither there are any standard coverage conditions in regard of contract mills, which fundament be by and large accepted. However, Nike has its ain creative activity of mensurating its ain criterions, programmes and activities to place reference and study issues of conformity in contract mills.The concerns over whether Following Corporation complies with any accounting criterions is an unreciprocated inquiry. some other cause of concern is that the hearers in lik e manner use questionable research methods, of which Nike provided makes the consequences public that do non harm its reputation12. all over the old ages Nike had been capable to case in relation to its legal duty over the conformity of its providers with local labor Torahs and the accounting patterns that were used to immune its repute. These sorts of allegations will of necessity form on the heads of consumers. Then the Nike s success, like that of so many unexampled companies, is all about keeping trade name values and the value of the betray13. Fortunately, engineering is at manus to assist companies pull off this hard undertaking. Clearly, unless rung have the necessary preparation and exploit non merely to execute their responsibilities aptly exactly besides in conformity with the company s ethical and concern criterions, good judicature and conformity will non be achieved. That applies merely every bit much to providers as it does to the primary trade name proprietor and it goes right to the bosom of good corporate administration 14.In 2003, Nike espouse the monetary Accounting Standards Board dictation 142 for the appraisal of its Goodwill and other tactual assets 15. In relation to the revelation of sections of an endeavor and related information, Nike has adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No131 ( 16 ) . However, far from over these steps are merely in conformity with the USA GAAP and non with the IAS.NIKES Accounting PolicyHarmonizing to the accommodations on the fiscal statements of Nike, there were accommodations associating to the transition and interlingual rendition of foreign functional currencies into USA Dollars. This is reflected by the inclusion of the accommodations of foreign currency interlingual renditions and a constituent of accretion of the comprehensive income/losings in shareholders equity.It is apparent from Nikes histories, that the multiplication of transactional income and losingss as an effectual facet of accounting of foreign exchange on the save of assets and liabilities of the company is denominated in a representative currency other than the currency that is applicable for the company are recorded in other disbursals.However, the inside informations of these generational minutess are non recorded in the period of their happening. However, under IAS 29, 26 and 30 it is required to identify the consequence of hyperinflation, which must be restated in footings of the mensurating unit current at the balance sheet day of the month. That the historical cost income statement by and large recognises grosss and disbursals at monetary values current at the dealing day of the month. Nonetheless, IAS provide a degree of flexibleness in following different accounting standards17.Already, Nike was capable to figure of cases because of its falsified information on its histories ensuing from the interjection of labour workers around the universe. The legal transactions in June 200 3 involved allegations that Nike made foolish statements in public dealingss materials 18.The troubles underscoring for Nike in the adoptability and conformity with a chosen set of accounting criterions is that Nike has operations in the USA as its legal residence of abode therefore, Nike is required to adhere to USA GAAP. In other words, the obstruction caused by conformity with USA GAAP means that Nike can non pick to roll up its fiscal studies in conformity with the IAS.Nike represents fiscal statements in USA dollars instead than the measurement currency provided it guarantee that the impact of hyperinflation under ISA 21.36 is adequately dealt with in the fiscal statements. This enables Nike to do conformity steps for GAAP and IAS 21.Supervision OF respect WITH ACCOUNTING STANDARDSIn the USA, it is the duty of the SEC to oversee corporations on their conformity of the accounting criterions. In the event of unjust coverage, the SEC will go on to nominate inquiries with the corporations and their hearers.A corporation will be capable to disciplinary action in the event of a failure to follow with the altered coverage or auditing triggered by the unfairness in describing. In the event of relentless unfairness and non-compliance regardless of the conformity of studies to the adapted set of fiscal criterions, the SEC ( regulator ) will bespeak the incorporators of the accounting criterions to undertake the quandary.Disciplinary action against USA hearers are functioned and segmented among the authorities and self-regulatory administrations both at federal and province degrees.Where a USA corporation adapts International Accounting Standards, SEC has the authorization to necessitate that corporation to obtain an accounting study audited by the hearers who are capable to a restrictive government that is acceptable to the SEC.However, if a corporation failed to follow with accounting criterions and have produced fallacious histories misdirecting investors and other history users so the corporations comptrollers are capable to distressing liability. The treatments in 2004 over the Parmalat dirt due to non-compliance with accounting criterions made Accounting Bodies piss that fraud knows no national boundaries Donaldson. Furthermore, he added the lesson from Parmalat is a lesson for the demand of cooperation between United States and regulators around the universe that is precisely what we are naming for now 19.Decision condescension of troubles arise by figure of typical accounting criterions, there are besides advantages behind the devilling frame the handiness of different accounting criterions has made gradual and lull betterments in the efficiency of corporate administration and in the apprehension and construing of company histories.However, on the other terminal of the spectrum, there were and short are underscoring troubles in the use of different accounting criterions. First, there are issues that are cause for concern pa rticularly the issue of retreating corporations to taking to follow accounting criterions from a wide scope of picks instead than modulating on the domestic pattern of accounting criterions and curtailing the adoptability of other criterions.There are typical differences between the accounting criterions at an international degree and USA degree, this renders it intensive for most international companies that wish to hold operation or those that already have operations and those corporation that intend to raise financess in the USA capital market as they are required to adhere to the USA GAAP. This same quandary includes Nike Corporation as it has USA operations.1Fiscal insurance coverage Alexander D and Britton A 2002 6Thursdayedt p1592hypertext convert communications communications communications protocol //www.newagebd.com/2005/jan/27/busi.html3hypertext get rid of protocol //www.pwcglobal.com/Extweb/service.nsf/0/5A7896B9AA1585B785256C76005A20C0? opendocument guild4hypert ext enthral protocol //forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/accstat/info/ information/en/IAS and ESA95.htm5hypertext channelize protocol //www.pwcglobal.com/Extweb/service.nsf/0/5A7896B9AA1585B785256C76005A20C0? opendocument6hypertext convert protocol //www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/2004/804/essentials/p34.htm7hypertext enthral protocol //www.sec.gov/ give-and-take/studies/soxoffbalancerpt.pdf8hypertext murder protocol //www.bcccc.net/index.cfm? fuseaction=Page.viewPage & A pageId=1172 & A nodeID=3 & A parentID=1170 & A grandparentID=8859hypertext tilt protocol //www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/2004/804/essentials/p34.htm10hypertext transfer protocol //www.bcccc.net/index.cfm? fuseaction=Page.viewPage & A pageId=1172 & A nodeID=3 & A parentID=1170 & A grandparentID=88511Williams, Cynthia A. 1999. The Securities and Exchange Commission and Corporate neighborly Transparency. Harvard right Review, 1197, 1998-1999, 112 1197-1298.12hypertext transfer protocol //forum.europa.eu.int/irc/d sis/accstat/info/data/en/IAS and ESA95.htm13hypertext transfer protocol //www.atkisson.com/wavefront/wavefront03.html14hypertext transfer protocol //www.cleanclothes.org/companies/nikecase.htm15hypertext transfer protocol //www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release? id=12557016hypertext transfer protocol //biz.yahoo.com/e/050406/nke10-q.html17hypertext transfer protocol //forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/accstat/info/data/en/IAS and ESA95.htm18hypertext transfer protocol //www.citizenworks.org/news/index.php? id=11919Meeting in capital of Belgium 2004BibliographyTEXT BOOKFiscal Reporting Alexander D and Britton A 2002 6Thursdayedt Financial Times Prentice HallWilliams, Cynthia A. 1999. The Securities and Exchange Commission and Corporate Social Transparency. Harvard Law Review, 1197, 1998-1999, 112 1197-1298.Web siteshypertext transfer protocol //www.newagebd.com/2005/jan/27/busi.htmlhypertext transfer protocol //www.pwcglobal.com/Extweb/service.nsf/0/5A7896B9AA1585B785256C76005A20C0? opend ocument ninehypertext transfer protocol //forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/accstat/info/data/en/IAS and ESA95.htmhypertext transfer protocol //www.pwcglobal.com/Extweb/service.nsf/0/5A7896B9AA1585B785256C76005A20C0? opendocumenthypertext transfer protocol //www.sec.gov/news/studies/soxoffbalancerpt.pdfhypertext transfer protocol //www.bcccc.net/index.cfm? fuseaction=Page.viewPage & A pageId=1172 & A nodeID=3 & A parentID=1170 & A grandparentID=885hypertext transfer protocol //www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/2004/804/essentials/p34.htmhypertext transfer protocol //forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/accstat/info/data/en/IAS and ESA95.htmhypertext transfer protocol //www.atkisson.com/wavefront/wavefront03.htmlhypertext transfer protocol //www.cleanclothes.org/companies/nikecase.htmhypertext transfer protocol //www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release? id=125570hypertext transfer protocol //biz.yahoo.com/e/050406/nke10-q.htmlhypertext transfer protocol //www.citizenworks.org/news/index.php? id=119Me eting in Brussels 2004