Aztecs of Mexico Essay

Aztecs of Mexico Essay Aztecs of Mexico Essay The Aztec Indians made an incredible progress in Central Mexico, arriving at its top in the 1500’s. Being late appearances to the region, and due to their solid neighboring countries, they had to live in the marshy western regions of the Lake Texcoco. As a result of the damp environmental factors, the Aztecs utilized mud to make small islands in the bogs. These islands are called chinampas, or â€Å"floating gardens,† and were utilized as cultivating lands. On these fruitful islands they developed corn, squash, vegetables, and blossoms. Being a horticulturally needy realm, the Aztec’s religion depended exceptionally on the powers of nature and adored them as divine beings. The lord of war, Huitzilopochtli, was the most significant divinity. They had numerous other significant divine beings, for example, Tlaloc, the lord of downpour, Quetzalcoatl, the divine force of wind and of learning, and Tenochtitlan, the sun god. The Aztecs had confidence so as to conciliate these and numerous different divine beings that they expected to perform human penances. The fundamental motivation behind the incomparable Aztec pyramids was, indeed, human penances. They likewise accepted that there were â€Å"lucky† and â€Å"unlucky† days for submersion and to announce war on, which were chosen by a minister. Most craftsmanship and engineering in the Aztec development depended on their religion. There are numerous brilliantly hued wall paintings and works of art on dividers and on bark which delineate strict services, alongside enormous symbols of divine beings. One of the most stunning and renowned of the Aztec’s fine arts is an immense schedule stone that

The Growth Of A Nation Canada Essay free essay sample

The Growth Of A State: Canada Essay, Research Paper Canada developed into a state during the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years. Numerous components were responsible to this adjustment which incorporates the Loyalists relocation North and of class the Constitutional Acts of 1791and 1867. There were cardinal individuals and faces during this turn of events, the Crown, the American Revolution, the Loyalists of Upper Canada, the francophones of Lower Canada and the Radicals answerable for the 1837 uprisings were the most persuasive. The Crown made numerous regional and political adjustments during the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years in light of the ever changing and turning populace in Canada, everybody from Loyalists to the First Nations were influenced. Supporters and the modifications that were made on account of their inflow to British North America: Followers are characterized as American pioneers of shifted social foundations that bolstered the British reason during the American Revolution1. Due to the Revolution, numerous British Loyalists from the previous 13 Colonies in the United States climbed to introduce twenty-four hours Canada to keep their British way of life. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Growth Of A Nation Canada Essay or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The head moving edges of Loyalists moved north in a split second after the American Revolution in 1783 and 1784. More than 30 000 of these individuals settled the Maritime Provinces. The Loyalists overwhelmed the old populace of 20 000 Americans and French, and in 1784 New Brunswick and Cape Breton were made to cover with the inflow. Around 2000 moved into present twenty-four hours Quebec and 7500 settled Ontario. The group of Loyalists gave the part its first noteworthy populace and prompted the imaginative movement of a different state, Upper Canada, in 1791. Supporters were instrumental in set uping instructive, profound, cultural and administrative foundations. The effect made by the Loyalists has made a lasting inclination on current Canada. Acquiring certain moderation, we Canadians appear to incline toward # 8220 ; improvement # 8221 ; to # 8220 ; transformation # 8221 ; with regards to specialists adjustments and in today # 8217 ; s society when all is said in done. The uprisings held in Canada in 1837 neer had about each piece huge of an effect as the Revolution did in the United States. A representation of a particular Loyalist who had an of import effect in Canadian history is Egerton Ryerson. Ryerson was a prima figure in nineteenth century Ontario guidance and political relations. He was naturally introduced to a very much regarded Anglican, Loyalist family unit, however was changed over and appointed in 1827 in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Ryerson first got known in Upper Canadian political relations in 1826 when he drove an attack on the premises and opportunities of the Church of England. The Church of England professed to be the official church of the settlement, and sole donee of the ministry local armies. Ryerson developed as the taking Methodist representative and a significant figure in the Reform cause.2 During the Rebellions of 1837, Ryerson was in England however utilized his impact to restrict Mackenzie # 8217 ; s fanatic principle and savage techniques. During the 1840s he proceeded with his dynamic capacity in political relations however turned in an alternate way. He started to back up Govoner Charles Metcalf against Robert Baldwin and Lafontaine in 1844. He seemed to hold joined the Tories, the individuals he had restricted for around 20 mature ages. Other than in 1844 he was designated supervisor of guidance for Canada West, go oning in this office until resigning in 1876. Ryerson arrived at another level of significance in the School Act of 1871, Ontario increased an expert essential and auxiliary educational system dependent on this demonstration. All through the class of his calling, he composed numerous booklets and writings, each piece great as a few plants on the historical backdrop of the express an of import life account. This is simply one outline of an effect Thursday at a Loyalist had on present day and pre-Constitutional Canada. The Constitutional Act of 1791 was the individual biggest occasion that took topographic point in light of the Loyalists movement. The Bill was set up by William Wyndham Grenville to ensure the advancement of British parliamentary foundations in the region administered by the Quebec Act of 1774. Orchestrating to Grenville, the Bill # 8217 ; s general expectation was to assimilate every settlement # 8217 ; s key law to that of Britain. The Constitutional Act had four boss plans: # 8220 ; to vouch indistinguishable rights and benefits from were appreciated by faithful subjects somewhere else in North America ; to facilitate the heap on the royal exchequer by permitting pilgrim gatherings the option to force income improvements with which to pay for neighborhood common and lawful removals ; to warrant the regional division of the territory of Quebec and the inventive movement of independent commonplace administrative get together ; and to keep and hamburger up the obligations of politic al reliance by correcting recognized established failings of old pioneer governments. # 8221 ; 3 Although this demonstration incidentally improved life in the settlements, and satisfied a cluster of Loyalists, numerous Historians have considered the Act # 8217 ; s inability to make mindful specialists and its dissemination of monetary powers for the delegated chambers as the foundations of the political employments in the mid nineteenth century. Official, Legislative Council and selected Governors of the Canadas: The Constitutional Act of 1791 was a reasonable reaction by London to the American Revolution. The Act supplanted Quebec by two conditions of Upper and Lower Canada. The western territory of Upper Canada was English-talking and got English statute and foundations. It would go the advanced province of Ontario. The eastern and mostly French-talking territory of Lower Canada, the current Quebec, kept seigneurial term of office, Gallic law, and the benefits of the Catholic Church conceded by the Quebec Act. A lieutenant senator was built up in every one of the states, with an official board to move as an upper house, and a delegate gathering. The nominative official committee was delegated by the senator, whose obligation was to the British Colonial Office rather than to the individuals or their elective agents. In this manner, there was agent specialists, however without the official gathering being mindful to the get together. The Church of England was to tie the settlements all the mo re ardently to Britain. Similarly great the Seigneurial System was for acceptable killed in Canada East.4 In all these political adjustments, ( for example the Legislative Council ) , that were welcomed on by the Constitutional Act were non straight responsible to the residents of the Canadas or to the chosen get together, yet to the Crown. This was totally done by the Crown, in the Crown # 8217 ; s best contribution. It assumed control over a hundred mature ages of paperss, arrangements and Acts of the Apostless to do Canada an autonomous state. There was no unrest interfering with our connections to Britain, in certainty we are still segment of the Commonwealth. Our various express completely started to meet up more than 200 mature ages back with Reformers, Radicals and Loyalists each craving Canada molded in an alternate way. Due to what the Crown needed and as a result of what the free heads in Canada wanted is the manner by which we got where we are today. We are a condition of advancement, we are the most grounded state known to mankind on account of the individuals and occasions that started painting our states colourss such a long time ago. 1. Canadian Encyclopedia, The, McClelland and Stewart Inc. , Toronto, 2000. 2. Thoughtless, J.M.S. , Canada, A Story of Challenge, T.H. Best, Toronto, 1970. 3. Reid, J.H. Stewart, A Source-book of Canadian History, Longmans Canada Ltd. , Toronto, 1967.

Professional Resume Writer Wants to See Clients Land Their Dream Jobs

Professional Resume Writer Wants to See Clients Land Their Dream Jobs This past Sunday, thanks to the hard work of my publicist Scott Becher, I was featured in the “Executive QA” section of the Wisconsin State Journal. I invite you to take a look and find out more about how I got to where I am today. Some teasers on what you will discover: Why transitioning from a lawyer in NYC to a resume writing business owner in Madison, WI was not as huge a leap as it might seem Why I made that leap and why I’m glad I did What the story is with certified resume writers What makes Madison, WI an ideal place to live and to start a business Why job seekers will benefit from hiring a professional resume writer How I helped an executive land a job as a sorority house mother What success means to me What’s coming next for The Essay Expert (stay tuned for my New Year’s Ressaylutions for more on that topic)! Please enjoy the read, and share with anyone in your life, especially those at an executive career level, who would benefit from an expertly written resume and LinkedIn profile. This is college admissions season as well, and deadlines are approaching, so if you know someone who is struggling with an application essay, send them my way! As the holidays approach, I also recommend you check out an article I wrote last year on how to increase your happiness by giving gifts. Have a wonderful start to your holiday season! Save Save Save Save

15 Critical Sociology Studies and Books

Sociology The Social Study Of Human Relationships And...

Sociology is the social study of human relationships and societies. This topic covers racial boundaries, social codes, patterns/behaviors, and countless other topics. Experts examine situations such as, how different people interact with one another, how the societies change as years go by, and who is on top of the totem pole as far as social order. When the concept of sociology is brought into your life, your brain adds in a whole new dimension of thinking. The way you perceive certain scenarios are completely altered from how you would have taken them in before learning about all this new information. Seeing the tiny little details that are effected by just social status or culture will leave you in absolute shock, but the problem is†¦show more content†¦Mills then goes on to explain more in depth, but he is just trying to say that people feel trapped and don’t know what is going on because they don’t have the ability to look at themselves through the sociolo gical lens. You must be able to recognize the difference between issues that hurt the entire society and personal issues that only effect a certain person. With all that being said, that is why this is not just an easy topic to pick up. There is a lot of understanding and specifics that need to be found. After Mills was able to explain to me the concept of sociology, I continued reading into what the sociological perspective encompasses. Is it just looking at the race of someone or finding the location of where the individual lives? No, it is just not that simple. This different perspective lets you step into someone else’s shoes and see what is happening and why it is happening. An example of this can be pulled from a passage called Teenage Wasteland by Donna Gaines. Gaines notes â€Å"But I was really pissed off at what I kept reading. How people in Bergenfield openly referred to the four kids as ‘troubled loser.’ Even after they were dead, nobody cut them any slack. ‘Burnouts,’ ‘druggies,’ ‘dropouts.’ Something was wrong. So I took the opportunity† (Gaines 8). There was this group of four kids that committed suicide with one another and before even thinking, people attempted to goShow MoreRelatedSociology: The Study of Humanity Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesHowever new you are to sociology it is probable that you have an idea, however vague and general, regarding what sociology is supposed to be about. It may be that you have an idea that sociology is about people. And you would be right to think so. We might start then by noting that sociology is one of the human sciences and as such it is a subject to be distinguished from the so-called physical sciences. Sociology is the study of humanity. However this description of sociology is only partiallyRead MoreSociology : How Human Action And Consciousness Shape The Surrounding Of Cultural And Social Culture1734 Words   |  7 Pagessaid, â€Å"The task for sociology is to come to the help of the individual. We have to be in service of freedom. It is something we have lost sight of.† This quote means the main purpose of sociology is to help people with our freedom of service, because it is something we as people lost sight of. Sociology can be defined by Dictionary.com, as the science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations, and institutionsRead MoreSociology Is The Scientific Study Of Society And Human Behavior895 Words   |  4 Pagesdictionary, the simple definition of sociology is â€Å"the study of society, social institution, and social relationships. Based on the textbook, â€Å"sociology is the scientific stu dy of society and human behavior† (G-6). Through the two definitions, one can deduce that the study of Sociology is a discipline that explains and analysis the human culture in terms of their social relationships and social institutions. Sociology is a study that explains the social world which human beings live in and how it shapesRead MoreThe Importance of Studying Sociology1106 Words   |  4 PagesThe study of Sociology helps us to understand the human social relationships, why we are as we are and why we act as we do. Today’s world is a complex place, as the world continues to change and bring new ways to living with and relating to others new problems in society appeared. Sociology has a great importance as is the best approach to understand the social phenomena. The study of sociology includes the study of social behaviour and social change which can reveal how society shapes our livesRead MoreSociology : Sociological And Scientific Study Of Human Behavior And S ocial Interaction1037 Words   |  5 PagesGiven the many theories and ideas that have influenced the development of sociology, it is possible to misunderstand what sociology truly means. As humanity enters into the 21st century, the study of society has become more relevant than ever. In this day and age where everybody is part of a society, it is crucial to understand the social dynamics invisible to the naked eye. Sociology provides critical insight into what problems our world currently faces and what we can do to prevent further problemsRead MoreSociology and The Natural Sciences Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesSociology is the study of society as well as the pursuit of knowledge regarding human social activities however, the entity’s legitimacy as a science is a concept worth discussion. Although sociology is different at face value than the natural sciences, the two possess fundamental similarities by which problems are recognized and explained. With the explanation o f why sociology is a science, the next step would be to specify what type of science sociology is and how it relates to the natural sciencesRead MoreWhat Is the Importance of Studying Sociology?967 Words   |  4 Pagesstudying sociology? Of the various social sciences, sociology seems to be the youngest. It is gradually developing. Still it has remarkable progress. Its uses are recognized widely today. In modern times, there is a growing realization of the importance of the scientific study of social phenomena and the means of promoting what Prof. Giddings calls human adequacy (human welfare). The study of sociology has a great value especially in modern complex society. Some of the uses of sociology are asRead MoreIs There A Sociology Of Love?1046 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Can There Be A Sociology Of Love? The word love has different meanings depending on what context it is used in, sometimes it means having deep affection towards someone or something, love for but here I am going to try and answer the question, â€Å"Is there a sociology of love?†. In my essay I am going to discuss a sociology of love referring to the article of the study conducted by Gabb and Fink, in which they use multiple research methods relationships behaviours and personal lives. They haveRead MorePsychology And Sociology And Psychology1612 Words   |  7 PagesWhen we think of society or people, and their behavior, psychology and sociology come to our mind. This is because they are academic fields that posses the same main idea, which is the study of the behavior. Although these two sciences have enormous differences, for those whom never had read anything about this topics it would seem the same. Despite bearing some superficial similarities, the differences between sociology and psychology are pronounced. Actually the main contrast between them isRead MoreSociology and Healthcare Essays1578 Words   |  7 PagesSociology and Healthcare Health-care is a sociological institution within the American Culture. Health-care has many different aspects that pertain to patients, care givers and governmental approach to supply healthcare to all citizens. 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Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development Free Essays

string(110) " schema will be applied to them – and although they may be a kind person, she will probably show prejudice\." Piaget’s background Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was actually not a psychologist at first; he dedicated his time to mollusc research. In fact, by the time he was 21 he’d already published twenty scientific papers on them! He soon moved to Paris, and got a job interviewing mental patients. Before long, he was working for Alfred Binet, and refining Burt’s reasoning test. We will write a custom essay sample on Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now During his time working at Binet’s lab, he studied the way that children reasoned. After two years of working with children, Piaget finally realised what he wanted to investigate – children’s development! He noticed that children of a younger aged answered questions qualitatively different than those of an older age. This suggested to him that younger children were not less knowledgeable, but gave different answers because they thought differently. He spent over 10 years perfecting his theory, and it is widely acknowledged as one of the most valuable developmental theories – especially of it’s time. It’s no lie that there are many new, possibly more valid theories now, but Piaget’s theory has had a lot of influence on schools, teaching and education all over the world. So, let’s begin exploring Piaget’s theory, the key concepts and the stages. Theories of cognitive development: Jean Piaget. September 5, 2010 at 4:00 pm 49 comments Our first years of life are an incredible, but dangerous journey. Thousands of sperm died trying to make us, and only one made it. From our journey as an embryo to a foetus – the size of a single cell to a fully sized baby – we develop more than we will our entire lives. From birth until we’re a few years old, our development is still incredibly rapid; we have so much to learn in such little time! It is advantageous to learn quickly, that way we’re more likely to survive in the cruel, unforgiving world. Piaget’s background Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was actually not a psychologist at first; he dedicated his time to mollusc research. In fact, by the time he was 21 he’d already published twenty scientific papers on them! He soon moved to Paris, and got a job interviewing mental patients. Before long, he was working for Alfred Binet, and refining Burt’s reasoning test. During his time working at Binet’s lab, he studied the way that children reasoned. After two years of working with children, Piaget finally realised what he wanted to investigate – children’s development! He noticed that children of a younger aged answered questions qualitatively different than those of an older age. This suggested to him that younger children were not less knowledgeable, but gave different answers because they thought differently. He spent over 10 years perfecting his theory, and it is widely acknowledged as one of the most valuable developmental theories – especially of it’s time. It’s no lie that there are many new, possibly more valid theories now, but Piaget’s theory has had a lot of influence on schools, teaching and education all over the world. So, let’s begin exploring Piaget’s theory, the key concepts and the stages. Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Background: Piaget’s theory is based on stages, whereby each stage represents a qualitatively different type of thinking. Children in stage one cannot think the same as children in stage 2, 3 or 4 etc. Transitions from one stage to another are generally very fast, and the stages always follow an invariant sequence. Another important characteristic of his stage theory is that they are universal; the stages will work for everyone in the world regardless of their differences (except their age, of course, which is what the stages are based on! ) Piaget acknowledged that there is an interaction between a child and the environment, and this is a focal point for his theory. He believed a child cannot learn unless they are constantly interacting with their environment, making mistakes and then learning from them. He defined children as â€Å"lone scientists†; he did not identify any need for teachers or adults in cognitive development. Children have all the cognitive mechanisms to learn on their own, and the interaction with their environment allows them to do so. To put this in perspective, another theory by Lev Vygotsky suggested that the interaction is not important at all; the child will learn when encouraged to with an adult’s assistance. The Key Concepts of Piaget’s theory: Before explaining the main part of Piaget’s theory (the four stages), it’s very important to look at some of the underlying principles behind it. †¢Schema (pl. Schemata, although some say â€Å"Schemas† for the plural) Possibly one of the most important concepts put forward by Piaget, Schemata help individuals understand the world they inhabit. They are cognitive structures that represent a certain aspect of the world, and can be seen as categories which have certain pre-conceived ideas in them. For example, my schema for Christmas includes: Christmas trees, presents, giving, money, green, red, gold, winter, Santa Claus etc. Someone else may have an entirely different schema, such as Jesus, birth, Church, holiday, Christianity etc. Of course, there are schemata for all kinds of things – yourself (self schemata), other people (people schemata), events/situations (event schemata) and roles/occupations (role schemata). With regards to Piaget’s theory, a child might have a pre-conceived schema for a dog. If the household has a small West Highland White Terrier as a dog, the schema might be â€Å"small, furry, four legs, white†. When the child interacts with a new dog – perhaps a Labrador, it will change to incorporate the new information, such as â€Å"big, golden, smooth etc. † This is known as: †¢Assimilation Simply the process of incorporating new information into a pre-existing schema. So with the â€Å"dog† example, the child assimilated the Labrador’s information into the old dog schema. Assimilation is essentially fitting new information into schemata we already have in place. Unfortunately, this can lead to stereotyping. For example, if an old lady sees a teenager mug another person, she might assimilate â€Å"violence† or â€Å"crime† into her teenage schema. Next time she sees a teenager, her schema will be applied to them – and although they may be a kind person, she will probably show prejudice. You read "Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development" in category "Essay examples" Assimilation is normally a simple process, as new information already fits the pre-exisiting categories. †¢Accommodation When coming across a new object for the first time, a child will attempt to apply an old schema to the object. For consistency, let’s use the dog example again. The child may have â€Å"four legs, furry† in their dog schema. When coming across another similar animal, such as a cat, they might say â€Å"Look, a dog! † – that’s assimilation. However, when told that it’s actually a cat – not a dog – they will accommodate the new information into another schema. They will now form a â€Å"cat† schema; â€Å"not all four legged furry animals are dogs – some are cats too! †. They have accommodated the new information. The process just mentioned – of assimilation then accommodation is known as – †¢Adaptation Assimilation and accommodation are the two parts of adaptation – which is simply what it says – adapting our schemata to make an accurate (enough) model of the world we live in. It is a form of learning, but an entirely different form to the kind you’d see in behaviourist psychology for example (such as operant/classical conditioning). †¢Equilibrium Piaget suggested that humans naturally strive to achieve a cognitive balance; there must be a balance between applying prior knowledge (assimilation) and changing schemata to account for new information (accommodation). Piaget suggested that when a child has a schema which doesn’t fit reality, there is tension in the mind. By balancing the use of assimilation and accommodation, this tension is reduced and we can proceed to higher levels of thought and learning (equilibration). The following stages form the bulk of Piaget’s theory: STAGE ONE: The Sensorimotor stage Occurs from birth to approx. years old. During this stage, information is received through all the senses. The child tries to make sense of the world during this stage, and as the name suggests, only senses and motor abilities are used to do so. The child utilizes innate behaviours to enhance this learning process, such as sucking, looking, grasping, crying and listening. To make this even more complex, there are 6 sub-stages of this one stage. To begin, the child uses only reflexes and innate behaviour. Towards the end of this stage, the child uses a range of complex sensorimotor skills. The sub-stages are as follows: 1. Reflexes (0-1 month): The child uses only innate reflexes. For example, if a nipple or dummy is put into a baby’s mouth, they will reflexively suck on it. If an object is placed in their palm, the hand will automatically grab it. These reflexes have the sole function of keeping the child alive. 2. Primary Circular Actions (1-4 months): The child now has a fixation with it’s own body with regards to behaviour(what Piaget refers to as primary behaviour); they will perform actions repeatedly on themselves (like sucking their own hand). They also begin to refine reflexes here to form more complex versions of them. 3. Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months): At around 4 months, the child begins to take an interest in their environment (their behaviour is secondary). They notice that they can actually influence events in their world, for example they can drop a teddy which bashes a ball on the floor. Although this occurs, the infant will not make conscious connections between what they do and the consequences, they merely observe that their actions have interesting effects. 4. Co-ordination of Secondary Circular Reactions (8-12 months): At this point, the child begins to engage in goal-directed behaviour; they begin to develop cause-effect relationships. So rather than crawl over to a teddy in a cart to pick it up, they might instead pull the cart over with the teddy in to acquire it. The child effectively knows that their behaviour will have a certain consequence. At this stage, object permanence is acquired – but I will explain this after these sub-stages. 5. Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months): At this stage, children like to use creativity and flexibility with their previous behaviours, and the result of their experimentation often leads to different outcomes. So rather than grabbing a box, they might instead try to tilt or manipulate it. 6. Symbolic/Mental Representation (18-24 months): At this stage, the child develops symbolic thought and the ability to mentally represent objects in their head. Normally, the child would need to resort to trial-and-error to achieve a desired effect. Now, however, the child can ‘plan’ to some extent and mentally construct the consequences of an action in their head. Of course, predictions are not always accurate, but it is a step up from trial-and-error. There are two key examples of mental representation in children: object permanence and deferred imitation. Object permanence is when objects exist even when out of sight. In the first three sub-stages, children will not attempt to search for an object which is hidden from their view; in their mind, the object simply ceases to exist as they cannot see it. At sub-stage four, however, they show this characteristic of object permanence. If an object is hidden from them, they will attempt to find it, but will repeatedly look in the same place – even if the object is moved (the so called â€Å"A-not-B error†). However, by sub-stage 6, the child is able to mentally represent the object in their mind, leading to exploration for an object even if it is moved. They will continue to look for an object until they find it, as they understand objects exist regardless of where they are. Deferred imitation is simply the imitation of behaviour a child has seen before. As a child can mentally represent behaviour they have seen, they are able to enact it through playing and in other situations. So a child might ‘talk’ down a toy telephone or ‘steer’ a toy car around the room. STAGE TWO: The Pre-operational Stage Occurs from 2-7 years of age. The mental representation of the sensorimotor stage provides a smooth transition to semiotic functioning in the pre-operational stage. This essentially means that a child can use one object to represent another (symbolically). For example, a child swinging their arms in a circular motion might represent the wheels on a train, or sticking their arms out and running might symbolise the movement of an aeroplane. This shows the relationships children can form between language, actions and objects at this stage. A major characteristic of this stage is egocentrism: perception of the world in relation to oneself only. Children struggle to perceive situations from another point of view or perspective, as shown by Piaget and Inhelder’s Three Mountains Task (1956). In this study, children were asked what can be perceived from certain positions on a 3D model. See the diagram below for a clearer idea. Piaget and Inhelder: Three Mountains Task (1956)†] [1 The child would have been asked, â€Å"What view does Piaget have? †. In the actual study though, they were shown around 8 cards of possible viewpoints rather than the three above. As you can imagine, the children struggled to decentralise and pick the correct picture. Another feature of this stage is conservation. Children struggle to understand the difference in quantity and measurements in different situations. For example, suppose a child is shown a short, fat beaker full of water. When that water is transferred entirely to a tall, thin beaker – we would know the level of water is identical – only the beaker has changed. However, a child in this stage will conclude there is more water in the tall beaker, just because the level of water looks higher. Children in this stage also lack the required cognition to apply reversibility to situations; they cannot imagine objects or numbers reversed to their previous form. This will be explored in the next stage (where reversibility IS present). When a child has the ability to decenter, they are said to progress to the next stage STAGE THREE: The Concrete Operational Stage Occurs from 7-11 years of age. This stage sees another shift in children’s cognitive thinking. It is aptly named â€Å"concrete† because children struggle to apply concepts to anything which cannot physically be manipulated or seen. Nevertheless, the child continues to improve their conservation skills, and by the age of 11 they can conserve numbers, weight and volume (acquired in that order). The child can also understand principles of †class inclusion†; perspective tasks become much easier, and children begin to understand that other people actually have different views to themselves. Simple maths, such as addition/subtraction become much easier. However, as this stage is concrete, Piaget suggests children will struggle to apply any prior knowledge to abstract situations. For example, when asked seriation tasks such as â€Å"John is taller than Pete. John is shorter than Simon. Who is tallest? † , concrete children often fail to provide a correct answer as the situation is too abstract. However, when dolls are used to represent Pete, Simon and John, the children are able to answer – as the situation is bought back to a concrete one with physical representations. STAGE FOUR: The Formal Operational Stage. Occurs from age 11 onwards. Children at this stage acquire the ability to think hypothetically and â€Å"outside the box†. Logical conclusions can be inferred from verbal information, and â€Å"concrete†, physical objects are no longer necessary. When presented with a problem, children at this stage can consider solutions to the problem in a logical manner. The child becomes increasingly â€Å"adult-like† with regards to their cognitive abilities. Scientific reasoning is apparent in this stage, and is indicated by Piaget and Inhelder’s Pendulum Task (1958). When asked to determine the effect different weights and rope length have on the speed of a swinging pendulum, formal operational children came to consistent and logical conclusions. How to cite Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development, Essay examples

Performance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned free essay sample

Professional athletes are role models for many young children adolescents. If for example a young child hears about an athlete using drugs, he might think that using drugs is all right for him as well. Similarly, if the athlete is not severely punished then the child will think he can get off easy too. However if a child sees that the sport wants to remediate any and all situations involving professional athletes taking drugs, he will be helped to understand that taking drugs is socially unacceptable. If all our sports stars start to use drugs then what type of example would this set or outh? High schools would start to use drugs if everyone started using drugs as our 2nd speaker said where would all the talent and skill go? Already many young adults are introduced to drugs such as steroids by their youth. An adolescent child may use these drugs to enhance this performance in a sport. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most young adults have heard of steroids, know someone using steroids or have used steroids themselves by the time they start doing high school sport. And even if PED were only legalized for adults, the definition for this varies from country to country, e. n France you are considered an adult by the time you are 13-15 and NZ its when your 18-20. Teenage athletes train alongside adult athletes and share the same coaches, so many would succumb to the temptation to use these drugs if these were widely available. Not only are such young adults unable to make fully informed choice about drug taking it also harms their body worse than adult users e. g. Steroids in younger people can stop hormones from being released and stunts growth. In older people it can cause prostate cancer. Also the use of these drugs would send a positive message about drug culture and other drugs. If PED became legal in the sporting society, then drug addicts would obviously find some way to get their hands on those drugs. Lets use an example; a drug dealer could call himself an upcoming athlete order some steroids under his name, or a regular drug addict could call himself a player for their High schools International cricket team and get access to drugs as well. Also L+G if drugs became legal in one part of our culture then other people will start o think as this new legalization as being double standard. At the moment there are drug buses coming to school explaining about the harm that drugs do and advise children not to do them. What if all of a sudden they children drugs are illegal and harmful, Id advise anyone not to do them. Unless you are a performer then its okay. What type of e. g. does this set people? Again this comes down to influencing children. Also it sportsmen and pertormers are allowed to do drugs then the question arises, hy not allow other professional physically laboring Jobs such as construction workers to also use steroids to enhance their ability? Why not make those PED legal in regular communities as well? Questions like these will start to frustrate people causing protests and boycotts against PED anyway. If normal people cant use drugs for everyday Jobs then why should sportsmen and performers be any different? This L+G is called double standard. By allowing PED we are setting double standards here. There would also be horrible consequences for PED. Drug taking would become ommon and too much people would end up in hospitals. More deaths, more violence and more health disorders. All this Just because one part of society decided they needed drugs to perform for them not their skill. L+G isnt it ironic that people play sport to be fit healthy, yet at the same time they use PED making their fitness health poor. By enforcing that all PED be banned we create a positive effect on society the future of the living world. We have faith that our athletes are competing naturally performing at their personal best.